Ukuqiniswa kwezinhlaka ze-rafter kungadingeka ezimweni lapho kwenziwa khona amaphutha esigabeni sokwakhiwa noma kwakhiwa lesi sikhungo. Imithwalo ebaliwe engalungile noma izakhiwo ezibonakalayo kungaholela ekuguqukeni kophahla ophahleni, ngisho nasekubhujisweni ngokuphelele. Kulokhu, ukuqiniswa kwe-rafter kuba yinqubo edingekayo edingekayo engasindisa ikhaya lakho.
Izindlela zokwenza uhlelo lwe-rafter.
Ama-Rafters, ayisisekelo sanoma yiluphi uphahla, kumele aqinisekiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ukuba khona kwanoma yiziphi izici noma ukulimala okwakhiwe ngesikhathi kusebenza ophahleni. Uma kwenzeka kutholwa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa nokuqinisa uhlelo lwe-rafter lwendlu, egalaji, okuchithekile, amabhati noma ezinye izakhiwo. Amaphutha ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokubala kungenzeka nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezinhlelo ze-rafter, ngakho-ke amakhosi asekhaya adinga ikhono lokuqinisa ama-raft yabo ngamunye.
Ukuqinisa Imilenze Ye-Rafting
Idivaysi yohlelo lwe-rafter.
Ama-rafter aqinisa angenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuningiliziwe kwawo makhulu azoxoxwa ngale ngezansi. Lezi zindlela zingasetshenziswa zombili ngawodwana futhi ngokwazo. Esimweni ngasinye, abanini bamakhaya uqobo kufanele baxazulule le nkinga. Kepha kungcono ukungagcini futhi unaka ukuthi ukubhujiswa kophahla phezu kwalo igaraji elifanayo kungalimaza imoto futhi kudale ingozi yokulimala kwendlu yophahla lwendlu.
Ngakho-ke, inzuzo yemisebenzi yokusekelwa yenziwa kusetshenziswa:
- "Ngaphansi" ngaphansi kwezingatho ", imishayo ethatha ingxenye yamaphesenti omthwalo we-rafters;
- Ukufakwa kwama-subposses;
- ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwezwe.
Ukungaphansi kwalapho kusungulwa ezimweni lapho kudalwa khona izibalo ezingalungile emithanjeni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kwandiswa engxenyeni yesiphambano yemishayo ephethe lonke uphahla oluphethe lonke uphahla lophahla luyadingeka. Ukufeza lokhu kuqiniswa kulula impela, ngoba lokhu udinga ukufaka lo mshini owengeziwe futhi uvikeleke phakathi kwe-mauerlat kanye nonyawo lwe-subtropile. Iboshwe ngama-clamps abunjiwe noma amapuleti ensimbi akhethekile ngamazinyo.
Izinhlobo eziphambili zezinhlelo ze-rafter.
Indawo yokubeka unyawo lwe-rafter kuya ephampu futhi idinga ukunakwa okukhethekile komnini khaya, ngoba kukule ndawo lapho kunengcindezi enkulu yokugoba. Njengokucacisa, khumbula ukuthi uphule kanjani induku ebuntwaneni bakho, yindima yedolo futhi wenza ibutho. Ukunciphisa umthwalo kanye nengozi yokuguqulwa kwama-rafges aqhubekayo endaweni lapho aphumula khona ephampu, sikucebisa ukuthi ukhuphule isigaba sesiphambano sebha ngenxa yamapuleti alo avela emabhodini. Ubukhulu be-linings buxhomeke ekubalweni kwesigaba osifunayo sokwakhiwa nemithwalo ehleliwe yokugoba. Ama-Rafters anokuqiniswa kokuqina okunama-fasteners ahlukahlukene, kepha kaningi ngezipikili noma ama-bolts akhethekile axhunyiwe. Uma ngasikhathi sinye ubude besampula banweba ngephuzu ngalinye lokusekelwa, khona-ke kungenzeka ukwandisa hhayi kuphela amandla ogongolo, kodwa futhi yonke indawo yokuxhuma.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Imiyalo, ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani phansi uketshezi ngezandla zakho
Kwesinye isikhathi kuphrojekthi kungenzeka kube nephutha ekunqumeni ekhoneni kophahla lophahla, futhi ukuhlinzwa kwembula lokhu kungalungile. Isibonelo, ngesiketi esipholile esinempilo, i-Snow iqongelela, engalimaza ophahleni. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuletha izinguquko ezithile ekwakhiweni kwe-rafter. Ngale njongo, izingxenye ezintsha ze-rafter zinamathiselwe ezintweni ezindala ngosizo lwezindonga zeBhodi nezinzipho, ngenxa yokuthi amapulazi asanda kusungulwa aqine futhi ashintshe ukuthambeka kophahla ohlangothini olufunayo.
Le ndlela izokuvumela ukuthi wenze izinguquko ezinhlakeni ze-rafter futhi ngasikhathi sinye ungafihli lonke uphahla futhi, ngeke lukwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezikhethekile endaweni ethile ye-celmonary, ngoba ngeke zikhule ngazo ngeke zikwazi ukuyimisa.
Ukuqinisa izingxenye eziphansi ze-rafal
Isikimu esiqinisa ukunqwabelana.
Imigqa yophahla yanoma yisiphi isakhiwo isengozini enkulu engxenyeni yayo ephansi, ikhona kaningi futhi idinga ukuqiniswa - lokhu kuphansi kwezinyawo ze-rafter kanye ne-mauerlat bar. Imbangela yalokhu engcupheni ukuthi isendaweni yesihlahla nesitini lapho i-condensate ivame ukwakheka futhi umswakama uwela esimweni sobuqotho ophahleni. Esinye isizathu ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni ezisezingeni eliphansi, okwakukhona okuluhlaza noma okumunca ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe. Konke lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinqubo zokugaya ehlathini nasekubhujisweni kwalo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunaka ukukhetha kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme futhi uqinisekise i-Hydro ethembekile ne-vaporizolation. Ukungabikho noma ukusebenza okungafanele kokuhlanza umoya omncane nakho kungadala ukunqwabelana komswakama kanye nokubhujiswa kwezinkuni.
Ukuthuthukisa uhlaka lophahla kuleli cala, kusetshenziswa i-sozerle. Zinamathiselwe esiqongweni esiphansi somlenze we-rafting futhi baphumule kuMaurylalat noma uLiezhalanan. Inani lama-subposses angeziwe ancike esimweni sakho. Ukunikeza ukuqina okungeziwe, inhlabathi inamathiselwe kancane ngaphansi kokutsheka, okungukuthi, ingxenye yabo engezansi isatshalaliswa kancane emaphathini. Igxile ekudotini ukuze ususe umthelela wokugoba ubunzima ngesikhathi esisezingeni lesi-rafter kule ngxenye.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Mosquito Net yenze ngokwakho ama-ruble angama-72
Ukuqinisa izingxenye eziwile zohlelo lwe-Schropil
Isikimu esiqinisa ihlukaniswe nge-subproof eyengeziwe.
Uma kusahlulekile ukuvikela ngemiphumela emibi eboshelwe ngokhuni, ungazama ukuqinisa izindawo ezilimele ze-rafter noma i-mauerlalate yekhaya lakho noma egalaji. Uma sikhuluma ngecala elilodwa lomonakalo kwi-rafter, ungakwenza ngolayini wobisi. Zinamathiselwe ngezipikili noma ama-bolts, ngenkathi ingxenye yazo ephansi yeBhodi, i-lining kumele iphumule eMauerlat, ukuze iqinisekise ukuthembeka okuthe xaxa kokulungiswa, ngenkathi i-lining kule ndawo ingcono ukunamathisela ku-mauerlat ngocingo lwensimbi.
Kepha uma sekuvele ngomonakalo omkhulu ku-wedwed, lapho i-deformation noma i-robo itholwa kuma-wapants amaningi, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa uhlelo olukhethekile lwezinto ezinhle kakhulu. Lezi prostheses zenziwa kwizinduku zensimbi futhi zinamathiselwe engxenyeni eqinile yesakhiwo, ngenkathi ingxenye enobuchopho imane isuswe. Kulokhu kusebenza, kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-rafter ngezindawo ezikhethekile zesikhashana bese ususa ingxenye eyonakele (yalokhu kufanele uhlukanise ingxenye yophahla). Lapho-ke kufanele usike usayizi ofanayo we-prosthesis kusuka esihlahleni esifanayo bese uwufaka endaweni eyihlane, phansi kwayo kufanele kudonswe eMauerlat. Amabha wensimbi prosthesis anikeza ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kwalo lonke umklamo.
Uma ukuqiniswa ngokubuyiselwa okuyingxenye akudingi unyawo lwentambo, kanye ne-mauerlat, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza okulandelwayo okulandelayo:
- Ilungiswe nge-backups yesikhashana yophahla lwamapulangwe;
- Ingxenye yokushayela ye-mauerlat iyasikwa futhi isuswe;
- Izingubo zensimbi ziqhutshwa kuma-masonry, okugcizelelwe ukukhuphuka kwesigaba osifunayo, ubude okungenani bemitha eyodwa;
- Ukuze aqede, isiqephu se-chunk sibekwe ku-lantern elilingana neBruus;
- Lapho-ke ubuso bentambo buhlelwe nhlangothi zombili ngepinki, ezisuselwa ku-beam osanda kufakwa.
Amathiphu athile aqinisayo
Sebenza ekuqinisweni kwe-rafter yanoma yimuphi uphahla luyinkimbinkimbi yomsebenzi, okubandakanya imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ukulungisa isimo sokwenza izinkuni ngokwabo noma indawo yesibopho sabo.
Izindawo ezikhuphukayo zohlelo lwe-rafter.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Umpheme wendlu yangasese - izithombe eziyi-100 zokuqamba okukhethekile. Izinketho ukuthi zenza kanjani muhle!
Ukukhubazeka kuvame ukuvezwa ngokuqokwa kanye nokwakheka kwemifantu emibhalweni namabhodi ama-rafters nezinye izinto zophahla, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukulungisa isibopho sekhwalithi esezingeni eliphansi.
Endabeni yokugcina, kufanele unake ukuxhumana okusemqoka. Okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi ama-rafters alungiswa kahle kanye ne-kink yophahla lwakho, izinkinga zivame ukuba khona ngokunakekelwa okunganele lapho ufaka.
Lapho ulungisa iziphambeko, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa ukukhishwa okuminyene okuphezulu kwe-rafted kanye ne-skate bar, lokhu kungasiza ukusetshenziswa kwe-jack ekhethekile. Ngokuqiniswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yale ndawo, amasu ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa. Le ndlela inamathiselwe kusetshenziswa umucu okhethekile wensimbi ngezimbobo ezihlanganisiwe, noma ama-linings ahlukahlukene ebhodi, noma ukutshala ama-rafters kwi-bolt esheshayo yensimbi. Kuyo ngayinye yalezi zindlela, izinketho eziningana zingahlukaniswa, ngokwesibonelo, amalivini enziwe ngokhuni anganamathiselwa zombili ngaphezulu nangaphansi kwe-skate bar, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamapuleti wensimbi wokulungiswa okuthembekile kwama-rafter kanye nama-lining.
Kukhona izimfihlo ezithile nalapho kulungiswa deflection of the rafter. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izitobha ezikhethekile zokhuni zivikelekile ngaphakathi kwezimila, ngemuva kwalokho i-rafter iqonde ngosizo lwe-jack, futhi ama-struts aqinile afakwa phakathi kwawo. Uhlelo olunjalo luzosiza ukumelana nengcindezi yangaphandle ophahleni nasezindongeni futhi ziyekise ukonakala kokugcina.
Lapho uqinisa imilenze, ama-rafters ngokusebenzisa ukwakhiwa kwebha kudingeka akhethe kahle amapharamitha awo. Ububanzi, kufanele kube ukulingana ne-rafter noma ebanzi. Ukuze kube lula ukukhwela, izingodo zihlelwe ngabazihlole kugongolo lwe-raferter, bese benziwa ngezimbobo ezazinazo zombili lezi zinto, ngemuva kwalokho yonke imiklamo ibekwa kuma-bolts noma izifuzo ezikhethekile zensimbi.
Lezi zimbobo ziqhutshwa kangcono nge-oda lokuhlola, elikhulisa ukumelana nokwakhiwa komthwalo ngesikhathi sokukhanya ukuze kugoqwe. Ububanzi be-drill kanye nama-stud ashelelayo kufanele alingane. Ama-Fasteners enziwa ngama-Stud Studs amantongomane wokuzikhiya nama-Washers. Lo mklamo akulula ukuwufaka kuphela, kepha futhi uthembekile ekusebenzeni. Akuphuluki futhi kuzohlala kuningi njengokhuni.