Uphahla lungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisebenzayo zanoma yiliphi ikhaya noma isakhiwo, ngakho-ke umbuzo ophahleni udinga ukuthintwa ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokunakekelwa okuphezulu. Uphahla lubhekwa njengenye yezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ezakhiwe ngezakhiwo, ukufakwa kwalo kudinga ukubalwa okuhle kochwepheshe onolwazi nezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Abakwa-Archites abaholayo kanye nabaqambi bezwe lethu bathi imigqa yohlelo lophahla nayo ithathwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu nezimanje zophahla.
Uhlelo lwe-Rafal ophahleni nge-endoonna namuhla lubhekwa njengethembeke kakhulu.
Uhlelo lwe-Rafal lophahla olune-endo alugcini ngokuxazulula zonke izinkinga ezisebenzayo, kepha futhi lunikeza ne-facade yendlu ukubukeka okukhethekile nokuhlukile kokubukeka okuhlukile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi empeleni alibonakali ku-Unlova, lingaphanga ukubukwa okuphezulu kwe-facade ngezinhlobo zayo ezingalingani, ukubuka okuphezulu kwe-facade, kepha ungagcizelela futhi noma yiziphi izakhi zophahla lophahla lomklami.
Izinketho zezakhiwo zeRafal.
U-Endova ubizwa ngokuthi yindawo lapho kufakwa khona ophahleni ezimbili, ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa i-angle yangaphakathi. Uphahla olungelona iqiniso luyadingeka ukuguqula ukuhanjiswa kwezulu nokugeleza komfaniswano. Kudingeka isicelo sayo sokuphoqelelwa ezakhiweni ezakhiwe ngohlamvu t noma g noma ezindaweni lapho kufakwa khona izinduku. Izimo zivame ukukhiqizwa kusuka kumashidi wensimbi. Ochwepheshe batusa insimbi egciniwe nge-expouse, ngosizo lwayo unganweba impilo yenkonzo yophahla.
Ekwakhiweni kwekhoneni kunemichilo emibili enezixazululo ezibalulekile ezisebenzayo:
- I-Endova ephansi ifakwa emalungeni futhi yakha ama-engeli amabi, isebenza uthango futhi ivikele ngokungena kokungena kwezulu ngaphakathi.
- I-Endova ephezulu - yenza umsebenzi wobuciko kanye nobuhle.
Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-Endanda
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-Endanda: Vula, kuvaliwe futhi kuhlanganiswe. Bayahlukana komunye nomunye ukuxhuma amaphaneli ezinduku zophahla.
Idivayisi yophahla nge-Endow.
- Idizayini yesiphetho esivulekile ukuthi wonke amaphaneli ezinduku zophahla ahlanganisiwe, asetshenziselwa ukususa izulu. Ukufaka i-endanda evulekile, kuyadingeka ukubeka umucu wophahla olugoqwe oluhlanganisiwe, ububanzi bawo kufanele okungenani bube ngamasentimitha angama-46. Ukuphela kwekhaphethi ngesikhawu se-2 cm. Kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili, umucu Isetshenziswa yi-grade 400 usimende, ubukhulu bamakhazikhayo kumele ube ngu-1.5 mm. Lapho-ke umucu wophahla lwe-roll luyinsimbi ngaphezulu kweyodwa yangaphambilini, bese iboshwe ngosimende.
- Endabeni yemithambeka emisha yophahla, kusetshenziswa ama-endends avaliwe, asebenzela ukudonsa okufanayo. Endabeni yesibili, kanye nakulokuqala, beka itheyipu ehlanganisiwe engama-90 cm ububanzi. Ithayela lifakwa emthambekeni.
- Umnyombo wendlela esontekile ukuthi wonke amaphaneli emithambeko yophahla axhumeke phakathi kwawo. I-Endow esontekile imbozwe ngezinto zophahla. Ezinye izintambo zethayela zihlanganiswa nomunye futhi zifakwe nge-under.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ingaphakathi lifihleke iminyango ngokupenda
Izinzuzo ze-Endanda
Idivaysi e-endary kuma-rafters.
- Ukuze ufake u-UNCOVA, awudingi isikhathi namandla amaningi, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuwukuklanywa kophahla olula.
- Idizayini iye yandisa ukuphepha ngesikhathi semvula enkulu noma ama-snowwa.
- Iqhwa aliphenduki libe yiqhwa, kanye nemvula lithululelwa ophahleni ngokugeleza okufanayo.
- Uphahla olunikezwe luhlala isikhathi eside.
- Lezi zinhlaka zinikeza ama-aesthetics athile.
Izici zeMontage
Ukuze ufake ophahleni ngokuphela, kuzothatha ubukhona bezinto ezilandelayo:
- amabakaki ukuze alungise ama-grooves;
- Ukuvimbela amanzi okuzinamathela emanzini nge-foam substrate ukuvikela umswakama, ukungcola kanye nezulu;
- Uhhafu uthayela;
- Itheyiphu ekhethekile yezihlanganisi.
Lapho ubeka uphahla ngokuphela, kusetshenziswa i-tepi ekhethekile yemihlangano.
Ngokufaka i-Endanda ukubeka amakhreyithi. Isibani kufanele sibe khona okuvela ezinhlangothini ezimbili zezindiza zophahla. Ubude obugcwele be-gutter yokhuni okudingeka ubeke izinto ezingangeni manzi, kuyadingeka ukuvikela ukungena komswakama. Ezimweni eziningi, lapho umthambeka uyisicaba, beka ungqimba olungahambi kalula lwamanzi, uma unganaki khona amanzi angezekile, i-node ingahle yehluleke ukwehluleka, futhi lokhu kusetshenziswa imali eyengeziwe, njengoba kuyadingeka ukulungisa i-node nophahla.
Izinto ezinhle zokungena ngaphansi kwamanzi zingasebenza njengekhaphethi yokuphela, ziboshwe ngokuphelele ngembiza esezingeni eliphakeme. Ingxenye engenhla yalezi zinto ezibonakalayo yenziwe nge-basalt fafaza, futhi phansi kunesihlabathi. Imvamisa, ukhaphethi wokugcina uboshelwe yizipikili njalo nge-20 cm. Kepha ungaphinde unamathele ngezitika. Lokhu okuqukethwe okungavinjelwe kunezimfanelo eziphakeme futhi kuzokusebenzela iminyaka eminingi. Ngemuva kwesendlalelo esivimba amanzi, ingxenye engezansi ukuphela ifakwe, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Fallove.
I-Falchedova iyipuleti emnandi, elishiyiwe engela (ama-engeli ayakhiwa ngenkathi exhuma iziketi). Ngezikulufo, ipuleti linamathiselwe kwikhreyithi njalo nge-30 cm. Empondweni equkethe izakhi eziningana, ngenxa yalokho, umngcele ophezulu webha kufanele uhlanganise umphetho we-15-20 cm. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphatha i-sealant ukusingatha - nalokhu, kuzokhulisa ukunika amandla. Ngokufaka okulungile, kuyadingeka ukubeka impahla ephahleni ngenhla kwe-axis ye-axile yangaphakathi kusuka zombili izinhlangothi nge-8 -10 cm. Ingxenye ephezulu ibekelwe kanye nokunamathela ku-10 kuya ku-12 cm. Uphahla olusekupheleni kufanele lwenzelwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuvuza ngesikhathi semvula noma ukuwa kwalo okugcwele.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Indawo enekhono lamasekeli ekhishini
Isistimu yophahla ophahleni nge-endova
Uhlelo lwe-Rafting Roof lubhekwa njengenye yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu nekhwalithi enhle ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okunwetshiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhleleka okuhlukile kwama-rafters, njengokulengiswa. Esigabeni sesakhiwo, kwenziwa uhlelo olucacile, lapho kukhonjiswa khona yonke inqwaba, kufaka phakathi i-veranda, ithala, izwa amafasitela e-attic. Uphahla oluhlekisayo luzimisele ngophahla lwe-T-enziwe ngo-T kanye nophahla lwe-G-CRCURED. Kukholakala ukuthi ubunzima ekwenzeni uphahla, isikhathi esithe xaxa kanye nezindlela ezidingekayo kudivayisi yayo. Ehlelweni, ama-run asemqoka nelengeziwe kufanele abonakale, futhi ahlukanise amagagasi afoka amafomu, futhi afakwe ama-diagonal rafter.
Umzuzu onzima kakhulu lapho uhlangana nohlaka lohlelo lwe-rafter lophahla yi-Endova. Imvamisa kwakhiwa yifreyimu ye-rafter, elele ekhreyini, kususelwa phezulu kwamalunga emigoqo ye-skate bese ugijima. Ukuze ugweme ukulimala emaphethelweni aphansi, ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka udinga ukukhetha indawo yabakwa-fasteners. Izikulufo zophahla zifanelana kahle njenge-fasteners.
Ukuze ugweme ukuvuza kumajoyinti wokubeka, ungasebenzisa izingqimba ezikhethekile zokulwa.
Ukufakwa kwama-endlenders ophahleni.
Lapho ufaka u-Oles, imithetho eminingana ebaluleke kakhulu kufanele ibonwe:
- Okokuqala udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi itheyiphu yokubopha ngokuhlanganisa ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme ukuthola lapho ngohlobo oluhlukile lwamanzi namanzi.
- Kuyadingeka ukuqeda ukufakwa kokuphela kwekhreyithi.
- Idivayisi ye-End-To-Level isuselwa kuma-Drippers, futhi i-Endow uqobo iqala nge-cornice.
- Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela inani elanele le-slats ye-endanda. Ukufakwa kwama-slats kwenziwa kusuka phansi kuya phezulu.
- Ukuze ipulangwe elingezansi libe ngaphansi komugqa we-cornice, kuyadingeka ukulunyatha.
- Ukufakwa kwama-slats ngesikhathi sokufakwa kokuphela, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza ngokukhanya.
- Ukuphahla okubonakalayo okwenziwa yimingcele ngokuphela, kuhlanganiswe kuphela kuMarkup.
- Udinga ukuqaphela kusengaphambili ukuthi izintaba zizotholakala kanjani ukuze zingaphangi lokho.
- Idizayini ebekiwe inamathiselwe ngokuzikhandla.
- Ngemuva kokunamathisela ukuzidweba, indawo yophahla kufanele ibe seduze nepuleti lokuphela.
- Akunakukwazi ukunamathiselwa kuma-shangas engxenyeni engaphansi kwama-25 cm ukusuka ku-eksisi yokugcina.
- Ukuze uvumelanise amagobolondo, kusetshenziswa i-cibheli enjoloba kwinqubo yesitayela.
- Ukufakwa kwengxenye engenhla ekugcineni kwenziwa nge-Overlap ngo-10 cm.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Tile ekhishini e-apron: izincomo zochwepheshe
Idizayini yohlaka lohlelo lwe-rafting ophahleni luphela ngokubeka izindonga ezikhuphukayo, khona-ke ophahleni lufakiwe. Kungemva kokuba konke lokhu kwentuthuko kungaya ekufakweni kweminyango, iWindows, njll.
Ezinye izici zohlelo olusheshayo ophahleni olusheshayo
- Uhlelo lwe-Rafting End Roof lungaba olunye, kepha kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ukuthambeka kwamashidi ophahla.
- Ngokufakwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yophahla, kuyadingeka ukwazi ngokucacile nangokucacile ukubona ukuthi yimuphi umklamo wophahla oluzodingeka kuleli bhilidi.
- Kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulume ngokucophelela ekukhetheni kwezinto zokwakha. Ophahleni, kudingeka impahla esezingeni eliphakeme, ekwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlukunyezwa, ukudlidliza kweqhwa nemvula, kumele kube nzima futhi kube nezakhiwo zokulwa nokulwa nokukhulisa.
- Umsebenzi kufanele uhambe usuka esikebheni. Ngakho-ke, ungalinganisa ibanga olidingayo futhi ulondoloze uphahla.
- Ngemuva kokuphela komsebenzi, udinga ukuqinisa izindawo ezinqatshiwe zesiketi.
- Ukubala umthwalo kahle umthwalo, udinga ukubhekisa kochwepheshe abangeke basize ukubala kahle, kepha futhi bazokwaziswa ukuthi baqale ukufakwa kwe-exinise.
- Uhlelo olusheshayo ophahleni kufanele lufakwe ngokuya ngemithetho ye-Snipos futhi yenziwa ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Uhlelo lwe-Rafting Roof lungenye yezinhlaka ezibaluleke kakhulu zanoma yisiphi isakhiwo. Ukufaka uhlelo lwe-rafter ngokuphela, dinga ochwepheshe abahle, ngaphandle kwamakhono akhethekile wokwakha, cishe akunakwenzeka ukukusungula kahle ukufaka i-under.
- Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo lwe-slinging ophahleni lubekwe ekugcineni, kuyadingeka ukufaka isipika. Umnikazi wesipika kumele afakwe kahle, uma kungenjalo ngeke azuze. Kulandela ukuzithiba kwayo. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhetha umbala ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo ophahleni olikhethile.
Kuze kube manje, cishe akukho ndlu eyakhiwe ngaphandle kophahla ngokuphela, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Earth Hemisphere. Lokhu kungenxa yemvula eningi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuvikela ikhaya lakho ekuvuzeni nasekungenile kokusalungiswa, kumele kwenziwe umholo ofanelekile.