Everyone knows what a cellar is. In a private house, it is very difficult to do without it. It is necessary to store somewhere collected crop. Such a structure like a cellar is the best place for this. However, the construction of the celler is not a simple matter. What could be your cellar will have to be chosen due to circumstances.
How to build a cellar
First you need to choose a place to build. The place should be dry, the groundwater in this place should not be close to the surface, the soil should not turn into and deeply water.
We are all accustomed that the cellar in a private house is under the floor of the house. And what if you dig the cellar at home is impossible?
Here are some options outside the house:
1. The cellar with the cluster on the likeness of the indoor well.
2. Blowed cellar with hatch.
3. Semi-breeded cellar with a tambour.
And one more option in the house:
1. Cellar in the storage room.
The entrance to the cellar is not under the kitchen, as often happens, and in a house attached to the house, or an extra room, you can under the stairs. This room in winter can be used as a refrigerator for storing a barrel with a sauerkraut or just a pecked cake for a holiday.
For each type of cellars, the technology of arrangement is their own, with the exception of several rules, which are taken into account when building any kind of cellars.
Proper waterproofing and thermal insulation, supply ventilation and exhaust.
Waterproofing is carried out from the inside. If you build a new cellar, the waterproofing is best done from concrete by the method of monolithic fill. Detailed technology and correct materials are better to choose, consulting with a specialist.
If you already have a cellar, you just need to repair it, the choice of material for repair will depend on the state of the repaired surface. The choice of penetrating compositions is extensively represented in stores selling construction materials. I want to note that the process of performing waterproofing is very important, 97% of destruction occurs due to moisture.
Heat insulation is better to carry out the outside. Heat insulation material is placed around the perimeter. Select heat insulation, both for external and interior decoration, it is necessary to guide the fact that the material should be moisture-resistant and solid, tolerate mechanical damage well.
Supply-exhaust ventilation can be two types:
- Natural, most common type of ventilation and most economical;
- Forced, more expensive, but providing permanent air exchange.
Consider the first option.
The natural ventilation system consists of two pipes - supply and exhaust. They are located opposite each other and at different levels. The supply tube is located at the bottom of the cellar floor. The exhaust pipe is located under the most ceiling. Air through pipes circulates naturally. The stability of the thrust is ensured by the output of the exhaust pipe above the roof of the cellar at least than 30 cm. The larger the area of the cellar, the greater the diameter of the supply and exhaust pipes.
If the cellar is under the floor of the house, it is possible a variant of natural supply-exhaust ventilation in the form of trunks, which are left in the base part of the foundation. Of course, it should be provided for the possibility of covering them into severe frosts.
If the cellar, or the house in which the cellar is equipped with the environment, in the summer, the air exchange can be suspended. A system of forced ventilation can come to the rescue. The finished systems of forced ventilation are in stores. You can simply put fans on the supply and exhaust pipes, only correctly. On the supply of air, and on the exhaust to the outflow of the air.
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You can do without connecting fans by installing a special deflector. The thrust is created by overpressing air pressure on one side and discharge on the other side of the deflector.
Of course, the most optimal option to provide both methods of ventilation.
The correct exploitation of the cellar is no less important. The cellar should be used only for its intended purpose, contained clean, ventilate in time, to be dried, if necessary to repair. When performing all the conditions, your crop will always be fresh, as just with a bed, the workpiece can be all winter, and the cake, baked for the holiday, will be the most delicious.