The fluid flowing in a centralized water supply system is only very conditionally considered suitable for use for technical purposes - for washing, washing dishes, etc. With a very large stretch, it can be used for cooking, it is impossible to drink it without boiling at all. To bring it to the norm, it is necessary to apply different types of filters for water purification. There are inexpensive installations, but they, as a rule, are distinguished by small performance and medium quality cleaning, and there are expensive systems that can give ideal results.
To bring to the norm, various types of water purification filters are needed.
No better is the case with water supply from the well or well. There is still a great probability of bacterial infection, so cleansing should be even better. In general, it is necessary to attribute a test for analysis, and then, by results, select the required types of filters for water purification. In private houses, this is usually a multi-stage system, which results in drinking quality water.
Cleaning from mechanical impurities
In the water, which flows in our water supply, contains sand, fragments of rust, metal, winding, etc. These impurities are called mechanical. Their presence affects the durability of shut-off reinforcement (cranes, valves, etc.) and household appliances. Therefore, in apartments and in private houses put filters at the entrance to remove them. Types of filters for water purification from mechanical impurities are few. This is with a grid and discs as filtering elements.
The most common filter to eliminate mechanical impurities in water
Filtering element in mechanical filters - grid. By cell size, these filters are divided into coarse devices (300-500 microns) and fine purification (larger than 100 microns). They can stand a cascade - first coarse cleaning (mud), then thin. Often a coarse filter is placed at the entrance to the pipeline, and the devices with a smaller cell put in front of the household device, since different techniques may require varying degrees of water purification.
By orientation, the flasks in which the filter element is installed, they are direct and oblique. Kosy create a smaller hydraulic resistance, because most often put them. When installing, the flow direction must be observed, it is indicated on the housing by the arrow.
Mechanical filter
There are two types of mechanical filters - with auto industry and without. Devices without automotive lines are small in size, their input / output diameters are selected by the size of the pipe into which they are installed. Case material - stainless steel or brass, threaded connections - different (outer or internal thread pick up if necessary). The cost of this type of mechanical filters is low - in the area of hundreds of rubles, although branded can cost much more.
Mechanical filters without reverse wash: straight and oblique
Since the grids are clogged and periodically need to be cleaned, the lower part of the flask is removable. If necessary, it is unscrewed it, removed and washed with the grid, then everything is returned back (all work is carried out before bumping water).
Mesh with auto industry
The mechanical filter with the auto industry (self-rotating) has in the lower part of the flask with the filtering element of the nozzle and the crane. The pipe with the help of a hose or a piece of pipe is displayed in the sewer. If you need to rinse such a filter, just open the crane. Water under pressure rekeuses the contents into the sewer, the crane is closed, you can operate on.
Types of mechanical water filters with washing
This form of a mechanical filter for water often contains a pressure gauge. It is determined by the grid or not. The pressure has become lower - it's time to clean the filter. If the flask device is transparent, the pressure gauge may not be - it is possible to determine the appearance of the mesh or walls of the flask. In this segment, oblique water filters are rare, but still there.
A reduction valve can be built into the housing to neutralize pressure drops. There are models with the possibility of installing the automotive block.
An example of installing a mechanical filter with auto-cleaning
The blockage of this type of mechanical filters is slightly complicated - we need to withdraw in the sewer, but there are also models with a thread of different types so that it can be used as few adapters.
Types of compound
Mechanical cleaning filters can be coupling, can be flanged. Flange - this is usually the equipment main for water pipes with greater pressure and diameters. It can be used in the water supply device of a private house.
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Flange net filters
Disk (ring) filters
This type of equipment is spread less, although less inclined to casing, has a large filtration area, it can be delayed differently by particle size.
The filter element is a set of polymer discs, on the surface of which depresses and scratches of different depths are applied. The discs in the assembled state are tightly pressed to each other, the water passes through the hollows in the disks, the particles of larger diameter are settled. Spiral water movement, so the suspension is removed qualitatively.
Water disk filter
When a filter for water purification is clogged, the discs are getting out of the housing, spread and washed. After that put in place. Periodically, the discs must be replaced, the service life of the filter element depends on the amount of contamination and the quality of the disks themselves. There are models with a vehicle.
Mounted into the tip of the pipe, the flask can be directed up or down (see the installation instructions).
Cheap types of filters for water purification to drinking
Water purified from mechanical impurities can be used for household needs, submit to household appliances, but for drinking or cooking it is suitable only conditionally after boiling. To drink it without boiling, filters of fine cleaning are needed, which delay a significant portion dissolved in water substances and disinfect it. Consider how to make water from under the tap of drinking, types of filters for water purification that can be used.
It is unlikely that we have flowing from the crane can be called drinking water.
Filter-kuvshin
The easiest, but not very productive way to make water from the tap of drinking - to skip it through the filter jug. Cleansing occurs in a removable cartridge through which water passes. The following filtering substances are contained in a good cartridge:
- polypropylene fibers to precipitate remnants of mechanical impurities;
- activated coal with additives to remove microorganisms, chlorine compounds;
- ion exchange resin to remove manganese salts and calcium, radionuclides, iron compounds, heavy metals;
- Porous activated carbon for water clarification, the deposition of the organic.
Filter-jug - just cheap
Filters-jugs differ in the composition of the cartridge, its resource (how much water can clean) and by volume. The smallest patterns of desktop filters can at times clean 1.5-1.6 liters of water, the largest - about 4 liters. It only needs to be borne in mind that in the column "filter volume" indicates the volume of the bowl, the useful volume (amount of purified water) is significantly less - by about twice.
| Name | Bowl volume | The resource of the cleansing module | Cleaning degree | Additional devices | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquaphor Art "Ice Age" | 3.8 liters | 300 L. | Reduces water rigidity, removes mechanical and organic impurities, active chlorine, heavy metals | 4-6 $ | |
| Aquaphor Prestige | 2.8 L. | 300 L. | Lightly reduces water rigidity, removes mechanical, organic impurities, active chlorine, heavy metals | Resource indicator | 5-6 $ |
| Aquaphor Premium "Country" | 3.8 L. | 300 L. | Reduces water rigidity, removes mechanical and organic impurities, active chlorine, heavy metals | Big funnel - 1.7 liters | 8-10 $ |
| Filter-jug Barrier Extra | 2.5 L. | 350 L. | Depending on the type of filter | Cassettes for different types of water they go to + to the cost of the jug | 5-6 $ |
| Filter-jug Barrier Grand Neo | 4.2 L. | 350 L. | Depending on the type of filter | Cassettes for different types of water they go to + to the cost of the jug | 8-10 $ |
| Filter-jug Barrier Smart | 3.3 L. | 350 L. | Depending on the type of filter | Cassettes for different types of water they go to + to the cost + mechanical resource indicator | 9-11 $ |
| Filter-jug Geyser Aquarius | 3.7 L. | 300 L. | For rigid water with bacterial processing | Cartridge Replacement Indicator | 9-11 $ |
| Filter Jug Geyser Hercules | 4 L. | 300 L. | From heavy metals, iron, organic compounds, chlorine | Reception funnel 2 l | 7-10 $ |
Filtering nozzle for crane
A very compact filter for running tap water, which is put on the crane. Cleaning speed - from 200 ml / min to 6 l / min. The degree of purification depends on the composition of the filter part, but it usually differs little from the filters-jugs.By a way of work, there are two types of filters on the crane - one wear immediately before it is applied, others have the ability to switch to "without cleansing" mode. It is more convenient, of course, the second option, but the switches are often broken. As a temporary measure, an excellent way out, but "on constantly" is better to choose another device.
| Name | Performance | Resource cassette | What cleans | Producing country | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Defort DWF-600 | up to 20 l / h | 3000-5000 L. | Organic Substances, Pesticides, Heavy Metals, Chlorine and Radioactive Elements | China | $ 2. |
| Defort DWF-500 | up to 20 l / h | 3000-5000 L or 6 months | Organic Substances, Pesticides, Heavy Metals, Chlorine and Radioactive Elements | China | $ 2. |
| Akvafor Modern-1 | 1-1.2 l / min | 40000 L. | from active chlorine, lead, cadmium, phenols, benzenes, pesticides | Russia | 13-15 $ |
| Aquaphor "B300" with bacterial powder | 0.3 l / min | 1000 L. | It is recommended to use if possible bacterial pollution of water | Russia | 4-5 $ |
| Geyser Euro | 0.5 l / min | 3000 L. | Carcinogenic and organic compounds, chlorine, iron, heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides and microorganisms | Russia | 13-15 $ |
| Philips WP-3861 | 2 l / min | 2000 L. | Compound chlorine | 180 $ | |
| Sorbon Spring ZM | 2 l / min | 3600 L. | Cleaning from free chlorine, Decision | 8-10 $ |
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Filters under the sink - a way to get a large amount of drinking water
For greater performance and better water purification, filters are used to be installed on or washing, they can also be mounted on the wall.
There are two types of such systems - cartridges and reverse osmosis systems. Cartridges are cheaper, and it is their plus, and minus is that it is necessary to monitor the condition of the filtering element and change it on time, otherwise all the accumulated dirt turns into water.
Water Cleansing Nozzles
Reverse osmosis systems are already more technological equipment that has a much greater value, but also the quality of cleaning and performance is much higher. In these water purification plants, a multilayer membrane is used, each layer of which delays contaminants of a certain type.
Cartridges
In cartridge filters, the cleaning quality depends on the number of cleaning steps - separate filtering elements that "caught" a certain type of contamination. There are single-stage systems, there are two, three and even four step filters.
In single-stage universal inserts, having a multilayer structure. They are inexpensive, but are you satisfied with the degree of cleaning to predict difficult. The composition of the water in different regions is very different and it would be desirable to select / replace filters as needed. And so, you have to hope for the universality of the liner.
Water Cartridge Filter Device
In multistage cartridge filters, the housing consists of several flasks, each of which has a separate / special filter element that removes certain contaminants. The flasks are connected consistently with overflows, flowing from one flask to another, water and cleared. In this case, it is possible to choose the types of filters for water purification specifically for your analysis, which will undoubtedly improve the cleaning quality.
| Name of cartridge filter | A type | Number of cleaning steps | For waters | Resource Cartridge | Performance | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BWT Woda-Pure | Household with the possibility of washing | 1 cartridge + membrane | average stiffness | 10 000 l or 6 months | 1.5-3 l / min | $ 70. |
| Raifil PU897 BK1 PR (Big Blue 10 ") | Trunk | one | Cold tap water | $ 26. | ||
| Geyser Lux | Under the sink | 3. | Soft / medium / rigid / iron | 7000 L. | 3 l / min | 70-85 $ |
| Geyser Geyser-3 Bio | Under the sink | 3 + Protection against viruses and bacteria | soft / rigid / very rigid / hardware | 7000 L. | 3 l / min | 110-125 $ |
| Geyser-1 Euro | Desktop version | one | Normal / Soft / Hard | 7000 L. | 1.5 l / min | 32-35 $ |
| Pentek Slim Line 10 | Trunk | one | 19 l / min | $ 20. | ||
| Expert M200. | Under the sink | 3. | Normal / soft | 6,000 - 10,000 l depending on the cartridge | 1-2 l / min | 60-65 $ |
| Brita ON LINE ACTIVE PLUS | Under the sink | one | Forthy | 2 l / min | 80-85 $ | |
| Aquafilter FP3-HJ-K1 | Under the sink | 4+ Protection from Bacteria and Viruses | For cold water | 3 l / min | 60-90 $ | |
| Barrier Expert Hard | Under the sink | 3. | For hard water | 10 000 l or 1 year | 2 l / min | 55-60 $ |
| ATOLL D-31 (Patriot) | Under the sink | 3. | Highly chlorinated water | 3.8 l / min | $ 67. |
Desktop cartridge filters for running water
The most inexpensive version of cartridge filters is installed next to the sink. These are miniature models that differ in small dimensions. There may be one or two speeds, there are small crane sizes on the case. The filter hoses is connected to the special output of the mixer, you can connect directly to the water supply.
Desktop option can be connected to the crane or water supply
Mains
This is usually cartridge single-stage filters-flasks that post after a mechanical filter. They remove a significant amount of impurities, making water suitable for drinking and preventing household equipment from the formation of scale, other deposits. Their disadvantage is the need to change the filter elements.
Filters-flasks are also called trunk
For the convenience of tracking the state and degree of contamination, the flask makes transparent. When visible contamination, you must replace the cartridge to another. In some models it is possible to independently restore the performance of the cleansing element - it is washed under running water. In other models, it is forbidden to do this, so carefully read the instructions.
Multistage filters
From the above described above, a large number of flask cases are characterized in each of which a cartridge that removes various types of contaminants is installed. The more cleaning steps, the cleaner at the output is water. Select the composition of the filter elements is necessary for a specific composition of the water (read the technical characteristics and description carefully).
Multistage water purification systems give good results
These installations can also be put on the highway, and you can be from putting under the sink and get high quality drinking water.
Reverse osmosis
The most advanced water purification technology is reverse osmosis. It uses multilayer membranes that pass only water and oxygen molecules, not even the smallest pollution. Water is obtained almost without saline content, which is also not good. This is the lack of reverse osmosis systems. In order to neutralize it in the installation, the minerals add the necessary minerals.
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| Name | Number of cleaning steps | Resource / Replacement Frequency | Filtration speed | Notes | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geyser Prestige 2. | 6. | 1 time per year | 0.15 l / min | Tank for storing purified water 7.6 l | 70-85 $ |
| ATOLL A-450 (Patriot) | 6. | Prefilters - 6 months, membrane -24-30 months, coal postfilter - 6 months. | 120 l / day | There is an external tank | 115-130 $ |
| Barrier Profi OSMO 100 | 6. | 1 steps - from 3 to 6 months., 2 steps - every 5 - 6 months, 3 steps - from 3 to 6 months, 4 steps - from 12 to 18 months (up to 5000 liters), 5 steps every 12 Mem. | 12 l / h | There is an external tank | 95-120 $ |
| Aquaphor DWM 101S Morion (with mineralizer) | 6. | Prefilters - 3-4 months, membrane - 18-24 months, postfilter-mineralizer - 12 months. | 7.8 l / h | External Bact + Mineralizer | 120-135 $ |
| Barrier K-osmosis (K-OSMOS) | four | 5000 L (no more than a year) | 200 l / day | Exterior Buck | 120-150 $ |
| ATOLL A-450 STD Compact | five | Prefilters - 6 months, membrane - 24-30 months, coal postfilter - 6 months. | 120 l / day | Exterior Buck | 150 $ |
The disadvantages of this system include their small performance - only one glass can be taken in a minute or so pure water. It is clear that such a speed gives inconvenience so that it felt less, manufacturers are equipped with tanks for purified water, to which cranes are already connected.
Reverse Osmosis systems are equipped with tanks for purified water.
Filters for purification of water from dissolved substances
In addition to mechanical impurities in tap water, there is still a decent part of the Mendeleev table: iron, mercury, manganese, potassium, calcium (salt of rigidity from which scale is formed), etc. All of them can be deleted, but various filters are needed for this.
So that the water has become drinking, apply different types of filters for water purification
To remove iron
Most often in water from wells or wells there is a large amount of iron. It gives water a reddish tint and a specific taste, deposited on the walls of sanitary pribers, scores the shut-off valves, because it is desirable to delete it. It makes sense if the amount of iron exceeds 2 mg / l.
Dissolved bivalent iron can be derived from water using a catalytic filter. This is a big cylinder in which catalysts fall asleep, the work is controlled by a small processor, that is, this equipment requires power supply.
Catalytic filters are used to remove iron from water
The fading in the catalytic filter has repeatedly accelerates the process of oxidation of bivalent iron and falling into a precipitate. Depending on the backfill, the impurities of manganese, chlorine, other substances dissolved in water, can also be removed during the purification process to the bottom mechanical particles. Deleting accumulated sediments occurs according to a given schedule, usually - at night. Failure is washed under the pressure of water, everything merges into the sewer, for the time of washing the water supply is stopped. Catalytic filters are complex and cheap equipment, but they are the most durable of existing ones.
The principle of operation of aeration filter
Another way to remove iron and water is aeration. In the balloon with an injected pump air is fed in the form of a fine suspension water (via nozzles). The iron in it reacts with air oxygen and its oxides are filtered at the output. There are two types of filters for purifying water of this type - pressure and non-pressure. For more active oxidation, oxidizer can be supplied to these settings - hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite. In this case, the biological water purification is carried out - from microbes and bacteria.
Read more about cleansing water from well and wells here.
Purification of water from hardness salts
For water softening, filters with ion exchange resins are used. In the process of interaction with water, there is a replacement of harmful impurities to neutral or useful (increase in the amount of iodine and fluorine).
Externally, this equipment is a tank, partially filled with ion exchange material. A second similar tank regenerator filled with a highly concentrated salt solution is underway with it (special cleaning special in tablets is sold).
Ion exchange resins perfectly remove rigidity salts
The advantages of filters for water purification of this species are high performance, low noise level when working, rare backfill replacement (it is enough for 5-7 years). For water softening, ion exchange filters are the best choice. Cons - in the need to use a regeneration tank with a concentrated saline. To get drinking water, you need to put a filter with activated carbon.
So they look