The construction of a two-story cottage and cottage provides for the installation of an internal staircase, which becomes part of the interior of the house. At the same time, it can be installed as in the hall of the first floor, fit into the style, or hide in the side of the house, not attracting the attention of guests. This is determined by the wishes of the future owners of the house and their needs.
Where exactly the staircase will be installed, determines the owner of the house, but it should not get into the eyes.
During the construction of a two-story country house or cottage, it is necessary to provide a ladder in advance (its kind and sizes) to execute the planning of the house. In addition to functional purposes, it carries an aesthetic load in the house and is an important element of the interior.
In the process of creating a project of houses, you need to calculate where the stairs should be placed in the house, the size of the area under it and the height of the room. It is important for use, especially if there are small children and elderly parents, for which the rise in uncomfortable and high steps can become an insurmountable obstacle and traumatic occupation.
Main types of stairs
Marsey stairs
The advantage of marching stairs is the simplicity of manufacture, as well as the possibility of lifting large and heavy cargo in it, furniture.
Marsh spans have the most simple designs, and they can be made independently. A number of steps are called a march. The advantage of such stairs is simplicity of manufacturing and operation, the ability to rise in it heavy and large-sized cargoes, furniture. They are most suitable for families with children and older relatives.
The disadvantage of such designs is the need to allocate sufficient area in the house to provide the required height of steps and tilt. After ten or twelve steps in the march make an intermediate platform. And if the next march is an angle with the first march, then such a design is called a swivel. The angle between marchs can be ninety or one hundred eighty degrees. Rotary stairs allow you to save the area. The second marches can be two, on both sides of the first along the walls. This is determined when planning at home. Under the inclined march on the first floor, it is often suited to storing homemade storage. But you can equip a cozy area of recreation with a lack of free square.
Screw stairs
A spiral staircase can be installed in the corner or in the center of the room to make an emphasis on it.
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If there is not enough space to install the march staircase, then use a screw construction. It is also called spiral. The design of such a model is more complicated, its overtakening steps are manufactured by a special drawing to ensure a circle. It can be installed in the corner or in the center of the Hall to make an emphasis on it in the interior. Of course, such a staircase is not suitable for lifting the floor of large things, furniture.
Modern architects and designers in the design and manufacture of screw stairs retreat from adopted traditions and offer customers oval, curvilinear and broken models. A spiral staircase may not have a circle, a oval or ellipse, to take a S-or Z-shaped. Such models attract younger people with avant-garde glances. If there are free areas, you can put a shock model in the lobby, and for other family members to equip a simple comfortable marching structure in the back of the house. Decision and choose by you.
Newbies wishing to try to make a staircase independently, it is better to choose simple designs. We determine the size and type of staircase on the upper floor, because the layout of the second floor may depend on it. The spiral staircase requires the opening in the form of a circle. The marching staircase, depending on the size, will fit into a square or rectangular opening.
Materials for the manufacture of stairs
For stairs, such species of trees are used: oak, ash, maple and coniferous.
Stages are made of stone or wood. If wood is used for the manufacture of steps, then the following types of trees are suitable: oak, ash, maple and coniferous. An alternative tree is a seven, ceramzite concrete or brick. As a fence of stairs, aluminum or steel is used. Wooden fence made of figured columns looks good on a wide wooden marching staircase. Perfectly harmonize the combinations of the above materials.
Stone steps must be manufactured in factory conditions to provide the required strength and guarantee security and long-term operation.
Wooden steps are better made of glued lamellas, allowing to avoid wood deformation and ensure the desired strength and elasticity. Oak is considered the most suitable and affordable wood. A staircase made of oak boards will ensure strength and durability.
If you do not have time and desire to engage yourself to make the ladder, to delve into all subtleties and standards, then manufacturers offer finished products from various materials, different shapes and sizes.
When ordering, it is preliminarily necessary to perform measurements of the height and width of the future product, the area assigned to it, the angle of inclination. If you cannot pick up the finished design, you can make a staircase for individual order. The pricing policy of manufacturers allows you to purchase your favorite model in a different price range depending on the value of the material.
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The main components of the stairs
The structure of a typical wooden staircase.
We have already said that a continuous series of steps is called a march or marching span. The venue separating marches is called swivel. Steps consist of two parts:
- horizontal - steps;
- Vertical - risers.
Steps are fattened, rectangular and fromy. Starting steps have a special form that allows you to rotate the staircase without a turntable. Frier Steps are the bottom and top of the floor.
The monolithic beam made of wood, on which the steps are attached, called Kosourg. The side beam connecting the steps is a string. Balasins are called Pillard Pillards.
Independent manufacture of stairs
Device of different types of steps.
So how to make a staircase yourself? To do this, comply with the following stages of design and work:
- calculation of the size and angle of inclination of the future design;
- determination of the optimal width of the stage and the height of the riser;
- selection of material;
- cutting steps;
- Marking on Kosur;
- installation.
Calculation of sizes and angle of inclination
To determine the height of the inclination, it is necessary to install a long board from the staircase on the second floor before the place where the staircase comes from. On the top floor, the board is installed horizontally using the level and secure.
The angle of inclination of the design must be within 30-45 degrees.
Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs.
A large angle of inclination will make it difficult to rise and descent and will not provide the required security. A too common staircase takes a lot of space. The width is determined by the area that the hosts can allow to take to it. It is worth noting that the wide staircase is more comfortable and safe when walking.
We proceed to the calculation of the height and width of the steps. The approach height should be within 120-200 millimeters. The optimal value is 140-170 mm.
The desired width of the stage is 340-370 mm. At the same time, the relation: the ratio: the higher the risers, the higher the step. But at the same time, the width of the stage cannot be less than the height of the risk. When performing the calculation of the width of the stage, it should be remembered that it has a protrusion for twenty-forty millimeters above the oppomme care.
Selection of material
From what material is selected for the construction of the staircase, the final cost of the finished product and the aesthetic look of the room depends. Oak, maple, pine are used as wood for steps. For the manufacture of Balyasin, the bars of the tree are required in fifty centimeters high or metal bars. You can order to sharpen curly balusters from a tree or forge the openwork metal. For the manufacture of railings, you can take wooden bars, a sharpening cutter, or a block house. In the absence of experience in the processing of wood or the necessary equipment, you can order cutting and grinding of steps, railings and balasine. And the installation of the product can be carried out independently.Article on the topic: How to make a reliable circular table with your own hands?
Marking of the Kooowar and cutting steps
Marking of the Kourow.
First of all, it is necessary to determine the method of attaching a Kooowar to the upper floor. There are two ways to fastening:
- Snap Kosur at the top so that the latter step turns out to be flown with the floor of the upper floor;
- Snap Kosur at the bottom to the beam so that the floor of the upper floor serve as the last step of the stairs.
Then proceed to the markup of the Kourow. Of the tools for marking, a metal square and milestone will be required. We will produce molds: on a sheet of cardboard or other suitable material, measure the height of the riser and the width of the step, taking into account the thickness of the steps itself and its protrusion over the opponse. Using molds, we perform the markup of the Kouryer along the entire length.
After the markup, we start drinking the grooves under the step and the risers in the Kosher. To do this, use a disk saw, completing the sawning with manual hacksaw. This work should be carried out with special care, so as not to go beyond the markup, otherwise the steps will be too loose to be placed in the Kouryer, which will lead to the separation of the structure. In the same way, we cook the rest of the boosters. It is not necessary to save on the number of this item, since it defines the staircase staircase, prevents the steps to be protected and, as a result, ensures the durability of the entire design.
Mounting design
First set the support pillar. Then, with the help of self-tapping and liquid nails to the wall (beam) boosters are attached. First, swivel steps are fixed on them.
The next stage is the installation of risers and steps. They fasten with each other and Kosource with self-tapping screws. Hats of selflessness carefully deepen into a tree.
After the end of the installation of the steps, the side open part closes the guy. Now you can proceed to the installation of BALASIN and rail.
Materials and tools for assembling stairs
- bars;
- boards;
- Balaasins;
- nails;
- screws;
- brackets;
- Saw, Bulgarian with a nozzle;
- a hammer;
- Drill, screwdriver.
The place under the staircase is equipped with cabinets for storing various things or arrange a dressing room. And you can put the sofa, chairs with a coffee table - it will get a secluded area of recreation. Now you know how to make a staircase yourself.