Sometimes there is a need to reconstruct the building. The reconstruction operations includes both the opening of the openings in the walls. You will learn how to make opening in the wall so that it does not become less strong, but it should be noted that the tips will be concerned only the process technology, and no recommendations for the design of redevelopment and coordination of changes in the design of the building with the relevant authorities in them will be given. It must be said that excessive self-confidence in the reconstruction of the walls can lead to very sad consequences. If the disassembly of a part of the undesiable partition threatens only its collapse, the incorrect reconstruction of the bearing wall can lead to the destruction of the building.
The opening in the wall can be done with the coordination of the BTI, to accurately be sure that you do not wrap the carriage wall.
Materials that will enhance the wall above the place of disassembly are profile steel products:
- Schwlerlers;
- boutons;
- Corners.
The thicker the wall, the more powerful profile should be used for the backup of the overlying structures. When the jumper is selected, the height of the wall should be taken into account, the load of which it will perceive. It should be said that the device and the doorway, and the window is kept equally. Its width is determined (than it is more, the weaker the design). True, the opening of the window (if less than 1.5 m) is often amplified only with a jumper, and for the door it is necessary to strengthen the vertical sections, as they will be exposed to the frequent mechanical effect.
Open in the interior partition
Disassembly of the concrete partition
The opening in the concrete wall is made with the help of a perforator, and sledgehammes.
To arrange a doorway in a wall that is not carrier, relatively simple. These partitions, as a rule, do not have a large thickness. Brick walls can be folded and half of the brick. About how to make a doorway in them will be written slightly lower, but for now you need to talk about the reconstruction of concrete partitions. You will need:
- grinding with diamond circle, perforator or jackhammer (it will be wonderful if you find a diamond cutter for concrete);
- Channels or corners;
- Marking tool;
- welding machine;
- sledgehammer.
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You need to think about where the fragments of concrete will fall. If you plan to cut it with one big piece, then under the fall, it is simply necessary to put the shock-absorbing coating. Tires can perform in his capacity
Strengthening the opening in the concrete wall.
First of all, make sure that there is no wiring connected to the network. After de-energizing the site, apply to the surface of the outlines of the future opening. After that, you can split the area inside the outlined perimeter into several square sites. You can disassemble the wall, cutting or drilling it with the surface of the applied lines. Some fragments will be easily knocked out with a sledge hammer, and others will have to cut the reinforcement. In any case, you need to tune in for a long work. The whole charm in the doorway device in the concrete partition is that it can be cut without an adjustment of the jumper, since the panel of concrete is a monolith. At the end of the disassembly of the opening, you can proceed to its strengthening. Depending on the thickness of the partition, select a channel or corners that are framed by the upper crossbar and the vertical of the opening.
Disassembly of brick masonry
Options for amplifying a brick wall.
Disassemble the brick wall as easily will not work. No, the masonry itself is simply disassembled, but the consequences will not be, if you pull out 1-2 bricks from the masonry, well, before disassembling the whole site, it is necessary to install a jumper that will take the weight of the wall on yourself. As already mentioned, the thickness of the partition can be only 12 cm. Punching over the future opening the long through hole for the jumpers can not, as it threatens the destruction of the masonry.
So that this does not happen from the 2 sides of the wall above the ceiling of the opening, it is necessary to make the ships whose depth must match the width of the corner (60 x 60). Their length should exceed the width of the opening at least 1 brick. Attach both corners in the formed grooves is not enough. It is necessary to fix them. For this, the holes for the studs or bolts they will be pulled in profiles and the wall. After disassembling bricks between the corners, steel stripes are welded, and the fasteners can be removed. Wall verticals are also enhanced by chambers or corners, which are welded with a jumper into a single design.
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How to post an opening
Installing the jumper in the bearing wall.
Of course, you noticed that the work on the doorway device is often carried out on both sides of the partition. In this case, the markup is applied from the 2nd sides. It is possible to ensure its accuracy in a simple way.
- On one of the surfaces, the outrocity contours is drawn.
- The brown section of 12 mm is drilled through holes at its corners.
- The relevant lines are applied on the reverse side.
For concrete thin walls, this method of markup is not so relevant, since in most cases it can be disassembled in "one-sided" mode. This method is necessary when disassembling brick partitions, as well as capital walls. Just about how to make the doorway in the latter will be written below.
Operactions in the bearing walls
To strengthen the opening, sewners are used, the thickness of which depends on the thickness and height of the wall
Brick bearing walls, as a rule, are much thicker concrete. To strengthen the opening, they use:
- Channels 10P and 10U, 12P and 12U, 14P and 14U (depending on the thickness and height of the walls);
- Studs and bolts from M16 to M24 with washers and nuts.
First, an old coating is removed from the wall to the masonry. Marking is applied to it. At the angles of the drawn rectangle and at some points along the lines, several through holes are drilled. On the reverse side, the finish is also removed, and the outlook outlines are drawn.
Now, over its horizontal, on the one hand, it is necessary to break through the length of the length and depth corresponding to the sizes of the channel or a heap (and the length of the jumper should exceed the width of the opening of at least 50 cm). Before installing profiles in them you need to drill holes for the studs. Channels should be filled with them every 50 cm, but in any case there should be no less than 3 above the opening.
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The first profile is placed in the groove per solution. Through the wall drill through holes for fasteners. After that, on the other hand, the groove is knocked out for the second jumper, after which the channel is inserted into it. Both profiles are tightened with pins, under the nuts of which the washers should be.
After disassembling the wall, the jumper of the opening should additionally strengthen. Using welding, the channels are associated with a solid strip of steel with a thickness of 6 mm or several transverse plates every 20 cm. In addition, the verticals are strengthened and the floor of the opening. Profiles installed on opposite sides of the wall are welded with steel stripes.
Walls made of concrete thinner brick. To make the doorway, it will be more optimal to increase its corners of at least 63 x 5 mm. They finish the perimeter of the opening on both sides. Corners can be welded with each other, connect the plates and pull the hairpins.
Staging the profiles of fasteners must be carried out when the jumper is installed, as it will keep the wall while disassembling the concrete wall.
The strokes are made in the same way as when installing corners in partitions, a more frequent step of fasteners is applied only for tightening the profile. The disassembly of the wall begins with one of the upper squares (the separation to which it was written above). After removing the first, you need to cook both corners of the jumper together. The same should be done when removing other fragments under the crossbar.