Interlated overlaps according to the constructive principle are almost the same. Whether this overlap of the basement in the garage or overlapping the last floor.
However, the technology of the device of each of them will differ, and operational characteristics will depend on the correctness of the manufacture.
By the constructive principle of the ceiling device are divided into 4 main types:
- overlaps monolithic reinforced concrete;
- slapping slaughterhouses from the precast concrete;
- Overlapping SPECIALBRANTS (monolithic assembly);
- Wooden overlap.
Consider the two most common ways to organize overlaps - wooden and monolithic
Wooden overlaps over the first floor do it yourself
Wood, unlike other foundations (reinforced concrete plates, monolith) used for overlap, environmentally friendly material. In addition, the wooden ceiling or the floor is attached to the room a kind of appearance and well retain heat. Previously, the tree was used for these purposes. Now the inter-storey floors from the tree are usually done only in
Wooden houses, although there are exceptions.
Device of wooden overlap
Device of wooden overlap
Installation of wooden floors between the floors begins with the installation of support beams. The section of the beams depends on several reasons, in particular from the length of the span, the load on the floor is above the floor. Also a large role in choosing a section of the beams is played by the tree of wood. Most often, pine is used, but sometimes - oak.The defining factor is the price of wood, naturally, oak is more expensive. In this case, the thickness of the beams can be reduced, and the design is somewhat changed.
Design and installation of wooden overlap
The process of building overlapping from a tree is that in advance prepared grooves in the wall beams are laid. The section of the beam is made equal to both the height and width. It happens that the height is selected slightly more. In any case, the beams are stacked on
Waterproofing, with a gap in both planes of about 1-2 cm. This is done in order to eliminate the cutting of walls during wetting or drying of such overlap.
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Further to beams at the level of their lower plane are stuffed along the entire length of the rail, which serve for fastening the thermal insulation and ceiling liner. An additional layer of waterproofing is stacked on top of the thermal insulation, the draft floor is spilled at the end.
In the case of an oak, in order for the ceiling of the lower floor to look "under ancient", the bars before installing are plastered. Further overlap is carried out on top of the beams. In any case, the length of the span for the wooden overlap should not exceed 5 m. The optimal is considered the length of the span in 4 m.
Wooden overlaps over the first floor do it yourself
Monolithic overlap over the first floor with their own hands
The overlap of the monolithic reinforced concrete is used, naturally, in cases where the house is not built out of wood. Although, the overlap of the basement, if the foundation is made concrete or brick, even welcome.Device of monolithic reinforced concrete overlap
Such overlap is manufactured, as well as any reinforced concrete product, using formwork. The difference is that the formwork will rely on the "legs" that will rise directly from the floor of the previous floor, or the basement. The thickness of the monolithic overlap, as a rule, is 20 cm, the minimum 15 cm, it all depends on the strength of the walls. A more subtle overlap falls on a less durable wall. If the thickness of the monolithic plate is 20 cm, then the distance between the supports should be at least 1 m. With a thickness of 15 cm, this distance can be
Enlarge up to one and a half meters.
Installation of monolithic overlap
It is performed according to the usual scheme: lags fall onto the supports, they are transverse beams, a step is about half a meter. On top there are shields. The formwork is ready to reject the monolithic overlap.
The reinforcement is made from the rods with a diameter of 10-12 mm, which are stacked with a grid with cells with a size of approximately 20x20 cm. Corners coperat.
Everything. You can proceed to the pouring of concrete. The fill is carried out in one reception, the deep vibrator is used to seal the mixture and removal of air bubbles. After the fill, the formwork does not understand the minimum of three weeks (according to Western technologies 30 days) until complete drying. It turns out we made a monolithic slab on their own. The strength of such overlapping is significantly higher than that of wooden or even overlap from reinforced concrete plates.
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Installation of monolithic plates
The application of the slab of the overlap is impossible without the use of heavy construction equipment, in particular, the truck crane. This complicates the task. On the other hand, this is the highest view of the overlap. Just need to be borne in mind that the stove must fall in the ends on the solution pre-applied on the wall.
The width of the monolithic overlap on the brick wall with
Each end of the slab should be at least 10-15 cm.
Do not forget that before installing the plates, the wall surface should be equalized and
Divorced. The gaps between the plates should be sealed with cement mortar.