Thanks to modern technologies, such a problem as the lack of hot water in the house, no longer worries our citizens. Manufacturers are offered a huge selection of water heating equipment, which allows you to use the warm shower at any time of the year and forget those times when there was unexpected preventive work carried out by municipal services to warm the water manually. Today, water heaters are divided into gas and electric, their comparison will be in favor of the latter. As not one test, the safest and most reliable option for domestic use is a water heater that runs from electrical power. It is less likely to use a solid fuel boiler.
The appearance of water heaters has significantly simplified the lives of residents of private houses and apartments. There is no longer a problem in the absence of hot water, if you have a water heater.
Electric heaters, in turn, are divided into types. There are 2 main types: cumulative heater (boiler) and flowing heater. Thus, the principle of operation and the device of the accumulative water heater differs significantly from the flow. If it is decided to establish houses such equipment, then before making a choice, you must first study both options, since each device has individual technical and other indicators. Consider everything in order.
Cumulative electric water heater
Diagram of the device of the pressure water heater.
Cumulative water heaters are produced with various volumes of tanks and, in turn, are also divided into subspecies. Among them are non-free and pressure units. For the first type of water heaters, the installation of a special mixer is required (some have it above the shower, which is not recommended), which must overlap the flow of water at the entrance to the heating unit. It plays the role of the valve. Since such models are usually produced with a tank volume of no more than 10-15 liters, then this equipment is more suitable for small houses, garages where you need to use the soul, as well as for cottages.
The pressure of the heater is capable of providing water to the cottage or private house without any problems (as the test showed), since such equipment is produced with large volumes of containers (from 25 to 200 liters). The convenience of such models is that when leakage, hot water is automatically replaced by cold. This is especially convenient for a shower or kitchen, where it is necessary for its uninterrupted stream. Both those and other species are able to heat the water to 75 ° C and to maintain a specified temperature in the automatic mode.
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Device of a cumulative water heater
Diagram of the device of an electrical cumulative water heater.
This equipment though has a simple device (if you compare with other similar aggregates), but it does not prevent him from being reliable and economical, as not one test. Efficiency is achieved due to the fact that this device warms the water gradually, and for this it is not needed. It can operate under normal voltage at 220 V. To properly exploit the accumulative heater, it is necessary to know the principle of its work, and for this you need to study the internal device of this heating unit. Consider everything in more detail.
The accumulative heater, as already noted, has a container, which is placed inside the case. Usually in modern models it is made of high strength, resistant to corrosion steel. The outer case, as a rule, should be covered with high-quality enamel. Between them is the thermal insulation, which is made from polyurethane foam.
The inner surface of the tank is processed by the glass fluorophore, which does not have the property to be peeling, due to which the water in it always remains clean, which is important, for example, for the adoption of the soul. Depending on the model, the container can be both horizontally and is located vertically. This is important when the territory where the equipment should be located is limited.
In the very tank of the boiler, there is a TEN, at the expense of which the water is heated. By the way, the time you need for this directly depends on the volume of the tank (it must be remembered when taking the soul).
One of the most important elements of the water heater is the magnesium anode. The service life of the heater depends on it.
Inside the capacity is located a magnesium anode, on which the service life of the electric water heater depends, since it is it prevents the formation of corrosion. Despite the fact that its surface is covered with an anti-corrosion layer, the existing welding seams are still subject to corrosion. The service life of the anode itself depends on the manufacturer, since each of them has its own secrets in its manufacture. It should be noted that the anode must be replaced periodically.
The accumulative heater device also includes a built-in protection system, which includes the presence of the check valve, gearbox and safety valve. The elements of the security group prevents freezing, overheating the boiler and the output of it in general. The reducing valve controls the pressure in the unit and plumbing, lowering it to the required indicator.
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The check valve of the boiler is necessary in order for water to be passed only in one direction. In addition, it prevents its spontaneous drain if the fluid supply was suddenly stopped. This prevents the combustion of the Tan. As you know, with heating, water has an extension property. For this reason, the pressure in the boiler can grow above the norm, which will lead to its breakdown. Therefore, a safety valve must be present in the water heater, which, if necessary, opens, and the fluid merges into the sewer. The device of the accumulative heater includes other elements.
List of elements from which the accumulative water heater consists
Carefully see the set of water heater elements for the preservation valve.
- housing;
- capacity;
- layer of thermal insulation;
- magnesium anode;
- TEN;
- thermostat;
- Control block;
- security group;
- temperature sensor;
- indicator;
- electrical cable.
Sometimes it happens that in the set of equipment the valve is missing, so the security group must be purchased separately. It is very important that the valve is made from high-quality materials. It should be noted that the valve is very difficult to install independently and in this case it is better to contact the specialists.
After installing the security system before running the heater and start exploiting it, you need to make a test run of the equipment and make sure that each valve is performed.
When installing cumulative heaters, a prerequisite for security is the presence of a so-called Uzo on the electrical cable (protective disconnection device).
Connection diagram of a protective shutdown device.
It is a small block with buttons and a lamp indicator. This device allows the test of voltage test in the power grid. In the event that it does not match the norm, timely shutdown of the unit will prevent its breakdown.
Positive sides of cumulative water heaters
The accumulative electric water heater has 2 undeniable advantages:- With the right choice of the boiler, you can provide uninterrupted income of hot water. Since such equipment is available with different volumes of containers, then, correctly calculating water consumption (even if there is a need to use the shower around the clock), you can achieve this without problems. Calculations are made depending on the number of users.
- Most of the models of electrical accumulative water heaters do not consume electricity more than 2 kW. If you make a comparison, then the power consumption of such a boiler is comparable to electricity consumption, which is needed for an iron or electric kettle. In addition, not one test confirmed this data.
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In addition, all accumulative water heaters have another positive side. Since these water heaters differ in the fastening method, then choose here there is from anything. They are outdoor, wall or embedded. For example, wall aggregates are perfect for the shower, and the embedded can be located under the kitchen sink. In any case, the installation of them relatively simple and any unusual tools, materials or special expensive equipment for this will not need.
List of necessary tools for installing storage water heaters:
Mounting scheme of the accumulative water heater.
- drill;
- dowels;
- self-tapping screw;
- Additional cranes;
- filters (to reduce water rigidity);
- flexible hoses;
- electrically conductive, automatic protection 16a, the outlet of the "Euro" standard (if there is no single posting separately);
- adjustable key;
- FUM tape;
- brackets;
- level;
- roulette;
- hacksaw.
Since water, moving through the pipes, loses a certain percentage of heat, then to avoid this, the boiler must be installed as close as possible to the point of water intake. In addition, before buying this heating unit, it should be in advance to determine which power will be selected by the model, since it is necessary for the shower or bathroom, and others are needed for the kitchen. As a rule, accumulative water heaters with a capacity of 100 l with a capacity of 2 kW can heat the water to 70 ° C for about 3 hours. Much attention should be paid to the place where the device is planned to be located, since it will be directly dependent on the ease of operation of such equipment.
Differences of the flow and cumulative electric water heater
If you make a comparison of a flow water supply device with a cumulative unit, then the benefits of the second will be understood. So, what do they differ? The main important difference that should affect the choice is that the flow heaters consume much more electricity (about 30 kW), and it is known to today it is not suiced. This is due to the fact that the water in them is heated immediately, passing through the TEN, and it needs high power. As a result, the usual wiring may not withstand, therefore, for a flow heater, special power supply with a voltage of 380 V. is necessary, in contrast to the accumulative water heaters, the flow instruments are designed to supply water only at one point.
In conclusion, it can be concluded that the above disadvantages that are available in flow heating equipment are sufficient criteria to make a choice in favor of accumulative water heating devices.