So that in the scene it is dry, the foundation is needed. It can be done in two ways - with the help of ventilation holes in the basement of the building (production or blows) or withdrawing the exhaust pipe to the roof and making several holes for the inflow of air from different sides of the foundation.
Why ventilate underground
If ventilation is not provided in a laptile foundation, the humidity is rapidly increasing in the subfield, which sooner or later is converted to condensate. Moisture in the form of a couple comes through overlaps from the house, as well as the soil. Since the ventilation of the foundation is absent, it is not possible to withdraw it, it accumulates in the ground under the house, in the walls of the base, settles on the beams of overlapping, on the black floor boards and / or binder materials. In the same place, where the positive temperature and the large humidity (under the heated house even in strong frosts, the temperature is always higher than zero), bacteria, fungi, are always very actively multiplied with. As a result, very unpleasant odors penetrate into the house, the materials are destroyed.
So after a few months the subfield looks without ventilation
The second reason why the info ventilation is necessary is radon gas, which is distinguished from the soil, and sometimes, in considerable quantities. This is a natural radioactive gas. Without ventilation, radon accumulates in the upper part of the underground space, gradually seeps into the house. What can cause radioactive gas in residential premises to tell, probably not necessary. So this is another weighty reason for which the ventilation is necessary to do.
There are two ways to ventilate the underground space:
- Make a foundation in the foundation (called more outstands). In this case, the moisture is removed due to the draft - the ventilation holes are located in opposite walls.
- Organize air extractor from the underground is to remove the ventilation pipe to the roof, and the air intake is through the lattices in the rooms. In this case, the production in the foundation does not make, but it is necessary to make a thorough insulation of the outer foundation + base + scene. After that, it is styled with waterproofing ground inside the sample.
The second solution makes it possible to improve the aesthetics and do not take the underground at the expense of drafts, but requires significant material investments. This option is suitable if you are going to build an energy-saving, well insulated house. In all other cases, it is more appropriate to do the foundation.
What should be intense in the foundation and how to position them
Ventilation openings in the foundation make round or square section. If desired, you can and triangular or any other form. If only they were sufficiently sufficiently to effectively remove moisture from the sample.Dimensions
The dimensions of the ventilation holes in the foundation are regulated by SNiP (SNiP 31-01-2003). Paragraph 9.10 says that the area of production should be at least 1/400 from the total area of the underground. For example, if you have a house of 8 * 9 m, the area of 72 sq. M. M. Then the total area of the beads in the foundation should be 72/400 = 0.18 sq.m. or 18 square meters. cm.
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At the same point, the standard is spelled out the minimum product area - it should not be less than 0.05 sq.m. If you translate into dimensions, it turns out that the rectangular openings should not be less than 25 * 20 cm or 50 * 10 cm, and the round should have a diameter of 25 cm.
You can make big holes
In multi-storey buildings and do, but in private such holes look too large. Usually they are made two times less, while increasing the number of vents so that the total area of blood purity is not lower than recommended.
How to locate
Make produce in the foundation 15-20 cm below the top edge of the tape. If the base is low, before the insertion makes a deepening - a veil. But the ventilation of the sample is obligatory.
Production in the base is uniformly on all sides of the foundation opposite each other. This is necessary in order for the fondament ventilation to work normally. The wind, "walked" in one hole, will fly to another, carrying out water vapors and radon.
Have produced in the foundation opposite each other
The distance between two adjacent products in the basement is about 2-3 m. If there are some simpleness inside, at least one of the outstand is needed on each "room". In the partitions themselves, it is also necessary to make outstands - to allow air masses to move and form drafts. This is exactly what we need. So that the movement was more or less free, the area or the number of holes in the inner partitions should be greater and better if it is 2-3 times. You can make several holes of the same size as in the base, and you can one but wide. The second option, by the way, is preferable - the resulting passages can be used to maintain the underground.
If you do not find the lattice of a suitable diameter, you can do so
Inventories in the foundation of any format must be closed with lattices - so that livestock does not penetrate. It is desirable that the lattices are metallic, and holes are small. For mice plastic is not a problem, and not to allow them easier than to deal with them.
This option improves ventilation conditions and saves rodents
How to make bodies
Forms are formed at the stage of the foundation. If we are talking about a ribbon monolithic foundation, then the mortgages are stacked and fixed after installing the reinforcing frame. For the organization of round-thinking plastic or asbestos-cement pipes. Their edges remove in the outer edge of the formwork, fasten well. If plastic pipes are used, sand is covered in them, the edges are covered with plugs. It is necessary that the mass of concrete does not flatte them when pouring. These mortgages after the excavation are not removed.
Plastic pipes for carrying in the basement
Rectangular outstands form from boards, knocking down the box of the desired size. It is also installed in the formwork, but after setting the concrete, wood is removed.
If the base is built of bricks, you can periodically cut bricks or put half instead of the whole. In the caps of concrete blocks, they take several pieces with two large holes, make them through. Install instead of one of the "normal". If the foundation and base are built from reinforced concrete blocks, produced in joints.
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Formwork shot
Approximately the inventories are also organized in the columns, pile (screw, boron-boring, tees) foundations. When the gaps between the supports are closed with the selected material, leave the required number of holes, the total area of which is equal to the 1/400 part from the sub-field area.
So you can insert a pipe for inventory into the base of blocks
An example of the formation of a product in a wooden house from a log
Production in the brick base
Close with grid with fine meaches
How to Repair Situation
What if there is a foundation, and the produced forgot to do or their size is insufficient for normal ventilation - in the subfield began to multiply the fungus, increased humidity and other "charms". Ways to solve the problem several:
- Increase the size of the newly available or chop. Drill a monolithic foundation - a difficult task. Do it or with a crown of suitable size. If the crowns are not, you can take a long drill of a large diameter, drilling them with many small holes around the perimeter of the outstand. Then the remaining gaps are drilled, and the uneven surface is then or grinding, or simply closes with a grid. Another way is to order diamond drilling. In this case, special equipment is used, the holes are drilled far softer, without shock loads.
Diamond drilling in the base of the building
- If you do new or expand old outstands, there is no possibility or desire, you can improve the craving, withdrawing one or more pipes from the product to the roof. Due to the pressure drop of the thrust will be better, the humidity will decrease.
- Make forced ventilation. In order not to turn on / disable it manually, you can put a timer or differentiated thermometer. It will include a fan when the temperature underground is higher than on the street (condition for condensate loss).
- Reduce the amount of moisture incoming in the underground. Most often, the source is primer, especially at a high level of groundwater. It is covered with vapor insulation. A thick polyethylene film is suitable (thickness from 150 MK). It is placed in such a way that one cloth came to another by 10-15 cm. The jokes are sampled by a bilateral scotch (you can double - at the beginning of the "overlap" and at the end "). The film is raised onto the walls by 20-30 cm, fixed using a plank. In order to be damaged during further operation, the sand layer is poured onto it or they make a thin screed 3 cm thick. If the foundation, the scene and the base are insulated, it gives a good effect - in combination with the ventolube, derived to the roof. If there is no insulation, condensate will be formed on the film. By making a slope into some side, moisture can be assembled and output from the sample. This option is though worse, but it works.
- For the ventilation of the sample in the bath (heated) or houses with a furnace heat, there is another solution - put the furnace so that the air pulls out from under the floor (to make a pondeal level below).
Foundation Ventilation using air fence in the furnace
- No sample - not needed ventilation. To implement this axiom, all the space from the soil to the draft floor is falling asleep. The most affordable material is used with good heat insulating properties. Usually it is clay. His minus is that he is hygroscopic and able to "pull" the water from the soil. With a high level of groundwater, if you don't do high-quality waterproofing (film with a wall at the wall), you can only make it worse. There is a second suitable material with better characteristics for thermal insulation and completely non-fragic - granulated foam glass or its battle. This material appeared relatively recently and and few people know. For this case, an excellent choice. True, it is more expensive than ceramzit, but at times warmer and safer (ceramzite is often environmentally unsafe).
Close the skin for winter or not
There are two points of view to close the ventilation holes in the underground or not. If you leave them open, there will be no moisture to accumulate. And this is good, but in return get cold sex and increased heating costs. Exit - enhanced floor insulation so that the ventilation does not affect its temperature and did not require reinforced heating.If it is frozen to close for winter, moisture accumulates in the ground. Warm wet air from the house falls into the population, falling on the cold surfaces, and in winter it is the walls of the base, moisture condenses, flows into the ground. This means that afterwards, in the summer, it will evaporate from there, increasing the humidity in the basement.
Ventilation of the foundation without thinking (sweat)
This complex complex of work, begins which from the device of the drainage system. From the foundation it is necessary to remove the water so that it does not succeed in the building due to the hygroscopicity and vapor permeability of concrete. Its, by the way, can be reduced at times, using primer for concrete deep penetration with polymers.
Drainage system
The next stage is the waterproofing of the foundation and the base, their insulation. Waterproofing can be loose or applied. Insulation - EPPS is recommended for this case - extruded polystyrene foam. It is ideal for these conditions: besides excellent characteristics of thermal insulation, it is not hygroscopic, does not let the water in a liquid, nor in the gaseous state, it does not like insects and animals, it does not rot, microorganisms do not multiply in it.
The blindstation is insulated with the same material, because without this, the soil in the subfield can freeze.
Insulation socle breakfast
After that, it is necessary to minimize the flow of moisture from the soil - to be sealing it with waterproofing material. You can use any material with suitable characteristics - from the polyethylene film (density of 150 MK) to modern diffusion membranes that will not interfere with a couple of samples, but inside the steam will not miss. The panels are laid out with the occasion of one to another at least 15 cm, the knocks are sampled with a bilateral scotch. Also, the waterproofing film is on the walls - by 20-30 cm, where it is fixed with the help of a pressure plank (mounted dowels or nails depending on the base of the base).
Waterproofing membrane
Next, the ventilation system is organized. One or more pipes are displayed on the roof (depends on the volume of the underground), make several inlet holes in the floor, preferably from non-residential premises. From the side of the house they are closed with ventilation lattices.
Organization of ventilation underground without purge
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