The strengthening of the rafter structures may be required in cases where mistakes were made at the stage of design or construction of the facility. Incorrectly calculated loads or material properties can lead to partial roof deformation, and even to its complete destruction. In this case, the strengthening of the rafter becomes a sharply necessary procedure that can save your home.
Methods for amplifying the rafter system.
The rafters, which are the basis of any roof, must be periodically verified for the presence of any defects or damage formed during the operation of the roof. In case of detection, it is necessary to strengthen and strengthen the rafter system of the house, garage, shed, baths or other buildings. Errors during installation and calculations may occur with any type of rafter systems, so home masters need a skill to strengthen rafters for each of them.
Strengthening rafting legs
The device of the rafter system.
Strengthening rafters can be carried out in several ways, in detail the main ones will be discussed below. These methods can be used both individually and in their own totality. In each case, the homeowners themselves must solve this issue. But it is best not to save and take into account that the destruction of the roof over the same garage can damage the car and cause significant material damage, not to mention the danger of deformation of the roof structure of the house.
So, the gain of support functions is carried out using:
- "Submers", beams that take part of the loads percentage of rafters;
- installations of subposses;
- bilateral lining.
The submenses are established in cases where incorrect calculations of loads on rafters were carried out, and as a result, an increase in the cross section of beams holding the construction of the entire roof is required. To carry out this strengthening is quite easy, for this you need to install this additional beam and secure between Mauerlat and the substropile foot. It is fastened with either bolted clamps or special steel plates with teeth.
The main types of rafter systems.
The place of imposing a rafter foot to the pump also requires special attention of the homeowner, since it is in this place that the maximum bending pressure occurs. As a clarity, remember how you have broken a stick in your childhood, it is the role of a knee and performs a troop. To reduce the load and risk of deformation of the continuous rafters in the place where they rest on the pump, we advise you to increase the cross section of the bar due to the coverings of its plates from the boards. The thickness of the linings depends on the calculation of the desired section for the design with the planned bending loads. The rafters with reinforcing lining with various fasteners, but more often with nails or special bolts are connected. If at the same time the length of the samples extend per point of the support, then it is possible to increase not only the strength of the beam, but also the entire connecting node.
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Sometimes in the project there may be an error in determining the corner of the roof of the roof, and the operation reveals this miscalculation. For example, with an insufficiently cool skate, snow accumulates, which can damage the roof. In this case, it becomes necessary to bring some changes in the construction of the rafter. For this purpose, new parts of the rafter are attached to the old elements with the help of board walls and nails, thanks to which the newly formed farms become more rigid and change the roof slope in the desired side.
This method will allow you to make changes to the rafter structures and at the same time not to disassemble the entire roof again, however, they will not be able to make special changes to the cerulmonary space, since neither to increase it will not be able to configure it.
Strengthening the lower parts of the rafal
Strengthening scheme rafted overlays.
The lines of the roof of any structure is most vulnerable in its lower part, it is there it most often and requires strengthening - this is the bottom of the rafter feet and the Mauerlat bar. The cause of this vulnerability is that it is in the zone of a tree and brick masonry that the condensate is most often formed and moisture falls into the case of a roof integrity. Another reason is the use of poor-quality wood, which was either raw or sucked with violation of technology. All this leads to the formation of grinding processes in the wood and its destruction. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the choice of high-quality material and ensure reliable hydro and vaporizolation. The absence or improper functioning of the ventilation purges can also cause the accumulation of moisture and the destruction of wood.
To enhance the roof frame in this case, the sozerle is used. They are attached to the lower tip of the rafting leg and rest on Maurylalat or Liezhalan. The number of such additional subposses depends on your situation. To give additional sustainability, the soils are attached slightly under the tilt, that is, their lower part is slightly distributed on the parties. It is focusing in a litter to remove the impact of bending strain on the span of rafters in this part.
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Strengthening the fallen parts of the Schropil system
Strengthening scheme raftered with additional subproof.
If it still failed to protect against the devastating effects rotted on wood, you can try to strengthen the damaged areas of the rafter or Mauerlalate of your home or garage. If we are talking about one case of damage to the rafter, you can do with wooden milk lining. They are attached with nails or bolts, while their lower part of the board, the lining must be resting in Mauerlat, to ensure additional reliability of fixation, while the lining in this place is better to attach to Mauerlat with steel wire.
But if it is already about massive damage to the rafted, when the deformation or rot is detected on many rafted, it is necessary to apply a special system of prostheses. These prostheses are made from steel rods and are attached to an intact section of the structure, while the deformed part is simply removed. For this operation, it is necessary to fix the rafter with special temporary stands and remove the damaged part (for this you have to disassemble the part of the roof). Then you should cut a similar size of the prosthesis from the same tree and install it in the place of the remote area, the bottom of its part it should be dripped into Mauerlat. Steel prosthesis bars provide additional fixation of the entire design.
If the strengthening with a partial replacement requires no foot of the string, and Mauerlat, then it is necessary to carry out the following manipulations:
- Fixed by temporary backups of the roof frame rafters;
- The driving section of Mauerlat is cut and removed;
- Steel crutches are driven into the masonry, which is stacked by the climb of the desired section, a length of at least one meter;
- To the overlap, a piece of chunk is set to a lantern equal to the bruus;
- Then the face of the string is fixed on both sides by the pink, which are based on the just installed beam.
Some strengthening tips
Work on the strengthening of the rafter of any roof is a whole complex of work, which includes various operations to correct the deformation and destruction of the wooden elements themselves or the place of their bond.
Mounting nodes of the rafter system.
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The deformations are most often expressed through the curvature and formation of cracks in the bars and boards of rafters and other wooden roof elements, but sometimes interference is required and when it is necessary to fix the poor-quality bonding of the system parts.
In the latter case, you should pay attention to key connections. First of all, make sure that the rafters are properly fixing and the kink of your roof, problems are very often there with insufficient care when installing.
When correcting defects, it is necessary to achieve the maximum dense docking of the rafted and the skate bar, this can help the use of a special jack. For high-quality strengthening of this node, various techniques use. This node is attached using either a special steel strip with perforated holes, or various wooden board linings, or planting rafters on a steel fastening bolt. In each of these methods, several options can be distinguished, for example, wooden linings can be attached both above and below the skate bar, there are several types of metal plates for reliable fixation of rafters and lining.
There are some secrets and when fixing the deflection of the rafter. To do this, special wooden stops are secure on the inside of the beams, after which the rafter is straightened with the help of a jack, and durable struts jumpers are inserted between them. Such a system will help to resist the external pressure on the roof and rafters and stop the deformation of the latter.
When strengthening the legs, rafters through the buildup of the bar need to correctly select its parameters. In width, it should be either equal to rafter or a little wider. For the convenience of mounting, the timber is fixed with self-testers to the rafter beam, and then they are done through the holes through both elements, after which the entire design is placed on special steel bolts or studs.
These holes are better drilled in a checker order, which increases the resistance to the design of the load during the deformation to bend. The diameter of the drill and fastening studs should be equal. Fasteners are performed by steel studs self-lock nuts and washers. This design is not only easy to install, but also reliable in operation. It does not break through and will last as much as wood.