The fire-fighting door is the product target, the main function of which is to prevent the spread of fire and smoke. In this regard, the manufacturing material and the design of the door module must comply with certain technical requirements established by GOST and SNiP.
Choose fire fighting doors
Specifications
- The main indicator of the design is the limit of fire resistance, that is, that time interval during which the doors prevent the spread of fire. The interval fluctuates from 15-20 minutes to two hours. The need for a product of this or that category is determined by the type of room where it will be installed.
According to statistical data, the living room completely burns over for 15-20 minutes, office - up to 30-40. Obviously, in this case the door unit is needed, able to withstand fire no more than half an hour. For premises where hot or flammable substances are stored, this indicator increases to several hours.
In addition to the limit of fire resistance of the product, such characteristics are determined.
- Conservation of integrity - a violation may occur for several reasons: the formation of through slots, the deformation of the canvas, which allows you to break the flame and the loss of the web and the box. The time during which the door block retains integrity, is the value of the indicator.
- The loss of the ability to thermal insulation - determines the period during which the surface of the sash opposes excessive heating. The loss of the ability is fixed at the moment when the surface temperature of the web rises by 140 degrees relative to the initial temperature, or when it exceeds 180 degrees.
- The radiation transfer limit is the technical characteristics of the canvas, with the glazing area of more than 25%. It is 3.5 kW / sq. m.
- Additionally, the smoke resistance limit is established, since quite often the cause of the death of people during fires is not a fire, and smoke.
Tests are carried out in special authorized centers. The product necessarily has a certificate of conformity and a passport with a manufacturer, test data, indicating the batch and process manufacturing process.
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Application
Fire doors are an element of a security system and are installed according to GOST, in all partitions and walls serving a barrier fire. The latter includes all jumpers separating residential premises from non-residential, warehouse from workers and laboratory in all public and administrative buildings. And also: in the fences of elevator mines, in the outer walls, in the openings of transitions, if there are between houses, on the staircases, buildings of children's institutions with more than two floors, and the like.
The presence of a design is determined by the need and the possibility of blocking the movement of the fire, as well as the ability to organize a safe evacuation - therefore all stair and elevator sites should be equipped with fire doors. If in the building, residential premises are adjacent to the office, then between them should be a partition that prevents the dissemination of a fire with the door block of the corresponding category.
The design of the GOST is installed in the premises where it is possible to fire materials or equipment - laboratories, garages or apartments. In private dwellings, it is mounted, based on the same requirements: the garage connected to the residential part of the house must be equipped with a fire door.
Metal fire doors
The most frequently used material is steel, as it fully meets the requirements. Castles and accessories are performed from refractory alloys, as a rule, with molybdenum.- Door frame - recommended construction made of steel profile, as more reliable. In products with such a type of box, the indicator for preservation of integrity - the door leaf does not fall out of the frame for at least an hour.
- The canvas is performed from thin-leaf steel. Fire doors are not equivalent to replacing the door block with high resistance to hacking.
- Fillers - basalt wool.
- Furnitura - in obligatory should be a closer to ensure the closed state of the sash. The design task is not only to prevent the dissemination of the fire, but also to provide a speedy and safe evacuation, and therefore the installation of complex locks that require a lot of time on the opening is not welcome. As a rule, from the outside, the metal door opens with a key, and from the inner - with the help of pressing the handle, which occupies almost the entire width of the canvas. Such a system is called the "antiparte" - the rail will automatically open the leaf under the action of the load trying to get out of the room of people.
- By perimeter, the door canvas is covered with a special fire-resistant ribbon and an anti-enemy seal.
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The photo shows a sample of a metal door.
Wooden fire fighting doors
According to the characteristics of the wood from the tree, there is little inferior to the metal. For the manufacture, wood coniferous breeds treated in vacuo.
Door box - can be made of wood or steel.
- The canvas - the frame is made of wood, shield - from plates of MDF, processed by a special composition and fire-resistant paint.
- The filler is mineral wool, as a material that is characterized by fire resistance and high thermal insulation.
- Fittings - used on the basis of the same requirements as on metal products. The knob of "antiparte" and the closer is mounted in mandatory.
- The seal - applies a special composition, which under the action of high temperatures foams and seals the door slots, blocking smoke.
The usual fire resistance of the wooden door block is 30 or 60 minutes. The photo shows the option of a wooden fire construction design.