Matakala tare da masu bayarwa: Nau'in tsarin, lissafi da shigarwa

Anonim

Tare da gina gidaje masu zaman kansu, mutane da yawa suna fuskantar bukatar shigar matakala zuwa bene na biyu. Koyaya, yadda za a sanya sanya a cikin irin wannan yanayin a ciki idan akwai ƙarancin sarari kyauta a cikin ɗakin zama? A wannan yanayin, ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan zaɓi zai zama matattarar Rotary tare da ƙetaren matakai. A cikin wannan ƙira, tsawon tsarin kai tsaye ya kasu kashi biyu, saboda abin da sarari yake ajiyayyu. Matsakaicin tsakanin balancches shine matakan gudu. Na'urar irin wannan matakala tana daɗaɗawa, amma an sami daidaitawa kuma sararin samaniya.

Bukatun aminci

Babban aikin shine a gina zane wanda za'a iya amfani da shi ba tare da fargabar lafiyar ku ba. Ya kamata ya zama mai dorewa kuma abin dogaro ne. Don tunani game da shi, ya zama dole a ƙira da kuma tsarin zane.

Don aiwatar da aiwatar da wannan tsari, ya kamata a la'akari da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa:

  • A cikin mafi girman siga, da nisa daga mataki bai wuce mm mm, kuma a cikin ƙaramin - 100 mm. Idan wannan doka ba ta cika ba, ba zai yuwu a sami ta'aziya a cikin aikin ba.
  • A cikin wuraren da matakala ke da tsari kai tsaye, duk matakan dole su sami wannan nisa da tsayi.
  • Mafi kyawun tsayi na matakan kan duk takardun tsara sune 120-220 mm. Tare da ƙananan ƙimar, mai amfani zai yi tuntuɓe a kansu koyaushe. Rashin daidaituwa na kowane mataki kada ya wuce 40 mm.
  • Gina matattarar p-mai siffa tare da sake juyawa na 180, ya zama dole don tsara nisan nisa tsakanin cikin bala'in. Ya kamata ya zama aƙalla kashi ɗaya na faɗin matakin.
  • Distance daga Maris kai tsaye zuwa saman bulo yawanci akalla 2 m. In ba haka ba, zai zama da wahala a ba da matakala da juyawa.

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Nau'in matakala na Rotary

Irin wannan matakala ma ake dacewa don amfani a lokuta inda akwai ƙarancin sarari da tsarin lokaci ɗaya akan haɓakawa ba su dace ba. Saboda wannan dalili, kazalika da tsarin tsarin, yana ɗaukar matsayin sa ta bangon, yana da kyau a kusurwa.

Matattarar Rotary sun kasu kashi biyu, galibi a kusurwar juyawa. Juyawa na iya sanye da su a kowane matakin matakala. Ana ba da fifiko ga ƙasa. Tare da irin wannan layout, juzu'i ya kasance kusan bashi da ma'ana ga mutumin tafiya tare da matakala. Wani fa'ida shine tsaro.

Mr.

Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan samfuran yau da kullun shine matattarar Rotary Rotary. Tsarin tsari da karfe 90. Wannan tsari ya dace da na'urarka a cikin wani ɓangaren ɗakin. Matakalar da kashi 90 digiri suna haɗu da dunƙule da ƙirar biri. Yana da sau da yawa yana dauke da matakai na gudana a tsarin sa. Siffarsu da girma sun bambanta sosai daga matakai kai tsaye, waɗanda ake amfani da su don na'urar madaidaiciya mafarki.

M-mai siffa matashin teku tare da matakai masu gudana

Amfanin matakala tare da mamaye matakai da kusurwa na juyawa 90 digiri sun haɗa da:

  • da ayoyi da kewayon amfani da su;
  • dacewa a aiki;
  • Kyawawan kafaffen shima;
  • da ikon amfani da sarari a ƙarƙashin matakala;
  • Wanda aka buga ta hanyar gina kowane ƙirar zanen zanen.

Wanda ya sharadi

Irin wannan matakalin ya ƙunshi ɓangaren sassa da yawa, wanda tare ya yi kama da harafin C. yawanci aikinta ya gudana ba biyu, da uku ne balanches. Tsarin ya haɗu da filayen duka dunƙule da matattarar madaidaiciya.

Mataki na a kan batun: Abubuwan da manyan matakala na zamani: nau'in, zane da mafita mai ban sha'awa

Amfanin C-dirkoki na C-Hites za a iya jerawa:

  • Kyakkyawan tsari da asali zai iya yanke hukunci a ciki na kowane gida;
  • Babban matakin ta'aziyya, tunda mutumin yana motsawa ta hanyar da ya kusan ba ya jin ya juya;
  • Yana ba ku damar tsara shi a cikin harabar kowane nau'in da girma.

C-dirkoki

P-dimped

Zaɓin mai ban sha'awa don matakala mai lalacewa shine ƙira tare da juyawa na 180. Tsarin P-mai siffa yana ba ku damar canza hanyar motsi gaba ɗaya a cikin shugabanci. Irin waɗannan samfuran suna kusa da sukurori, yayin da ke riƙe da Maris a cikin tsarinsu.

A cikin sharuddan tsarinsa, ƙirar p-siffofin da aka saba tunawa da matakala mai lalacewa ta hanyar digiri 90, amma madadin musayar Rotary da abubuwa masu juyawa da yawa:

  • Farkon karar a bene na biyu ana aiwatar da matakai kai tsaye;
  • Mataki na gaba ya fara da jeri (a wannan yanayin, matakai);
  • A kashi na ƙarshe, haɓakawa ana aiwatar da tashin hankali ta madaidaiciya matakai a cikin Maris.

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Amfanin matakala tare da masu iskantoshin tare da jujjuyawar digiri 180:

  • Kyakkyawa da ta ado;
  • da ikon shigar da kowane bangare na dakin;
  • Gine-ginen sun dace da aiki;
  • Da babban digiri na ƙarfi da amincin.

Tsararre [Mataki-Mataki na Mataki]

Tabbatar da aminci, ƙarfi da kyakkyawan tsari na tsani tare da matakai masu gudana za a iya tsara shi tare da ƙira da ya dace. Ga waɗanda suke da ƙananan ƙwarewa a cikin lissafin fasaha, ba za su yi wuya ba. Kafin fara aiki, dole ne a yi aikin.

Kayan aiki da kayan

Babban aiki na farko a kera na ladders tare da matakai na waje shine siyan itace mai inganci. Yawancin masana suna ba da shawarar amfani da kayan itacen oak, amma kuɗinsa yana da yawa. Fiye da kayan araha shine namiji ne - yana da rahusa, kuma yana zuwa sayarwa a wasu kundin.

A lokacin siye, kuna buƙatar lissafta adadin kayan da ake buƙata. A cewar kwararrun masters, 1 m3 na itace dauki 1 m3 na itace.

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Baya ga kayan daga wane matakala za a kerarre, kuma kuna buƙatar shirya da kayan aikin. Jerin su sun hada da:

  • electrollik;
  • rawar soja;
  • Screwdriver;
  • yadstick;
  • matakin;
  • guduma;
  • Hanji.

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Lissafin matakala

Don yin lissafin matakala tare da juyawa, haskaka manyan abubuwan kuma suna yin lissafin su. Tabbatar yin la'akari da irin wannan lokacin:
  • sigogi na girman na ciki da na waje na abubuwan jujjuyawar abubuwa;
  • zurfin matakai;
  • Tsayin mai reter;
  • Yana farawa.

Don sauƙaƙa amfani da zane, ya zama dole don gina shi yadda yakamata kuma daki-daki. Duk sigogi da aka lissafa a sama ana amfani da tsarin. Don sauƙaƙe lissafin, zaku iya amfani da kalkurare kan layi.

Tsawo

Lissafin matakala tare da juyawa na digiri 90 yana farawa da tsayinsa, wanda aka ƙaddara ta nesa daga tushe na farko zuwa bene na farko da na biyu. Kuna iya lissafta don haka: Ci gaban ɗan memba na iyali an ɗauka da kuma 100 mm an ƙara zuwa wannan mai nuna alama - muna samun nesa daga matakin zuwa rufin. Mafi kyawun darajar shine 2 m.

Shawarar da aka yaba da matakala zuwa bene na biyu
Shawarar da aka yaba da matakala zuwa bene na biyu

Tsawon Marsama

Girman girman kwari na Swivel ya dogara da fifikon masu mallakar da babban girman ɗakin. Don matakala tare da juzu'i na digiri 90, ana iya aiwatar da canji a kowane mataki. Amma, masana sun dace cewa ya fi dacewa don gina matakala idan tsawon farkon Maris zai zama akalla 2 m.

Nisa

Girman nisa na matakala da juyawa ya bambanta. Ya dogara da kayan fasali na ɗakin, shafin shigarwa da aka zaɓa da girman buɗewa. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci yadda aka shirya don sarrafa ƙirar gaba.

Lissafin matakala tare da matakai masu gudana

Takaddun tsarin da ke tabbatar da girma daga 1000 zuwa 1400 mm. A cewar irin wannan matakala, mutane 2 za su iya hawa biyu lokaci guda har ma da jigilar kaya, amma kuma wuraren da ake kasawa da irin wannan matakan dole ne a kasaftawa sosai.

A aikace, matakala an tsara su a cikin kananan gidaje tare da nisa na 700 zuwa 900 mm. Wannan shine mafi kyawun darajar ga motsi guda ɗaya.

Nagar tsani Marigadi

Yawan Marches

An ayyana adadin gidajen da aka ayyana su a lissafin matakala tare da ƙetaren matakai. Ya dogara da nau'in ƙirar da aka zaɓa. Matakan m-dawakai yawanci ana tsara su biyu da biyu. Mataki na baya yana gajarta fiye da saman. Tsarin p-siffofin suma suna hawa da biyu-reshe, kowannensu yana sanye da matakan madaidaiciya. Game da gine-ginen C-mai siffa, ana iya lura da cewa za su iya samun fiye da biyu.

Mataki na a kan Tarihi: Masana'antu na Jirgin saman katako na katako: lissafi da koyarwa game da taron jama'a

Yawan maryana a cikin tsani

Kusurwar karkacewa (tsafta)

Ba shi yiwuwa a sanya matashin jirgin da ya dace don amfani idan an nuna kusurwa na karkatar da hankali. Don zama mai sanyi, matakala ta motsa mai wahala da haɗari, kodayake yana ba ka damar adana wuri a cikin ɗakin. Matsakaiciyar sigogi na tsara sigogi na gina gini don kewayon wuraren zama daga 24 zuwa 37.

Kusurwar karkatar da matakala

Yawan matakai

Yawan matakai sun dogara ne da tsawon matakala. A cikin tsarin juyayi, ya zama dole a lissafa yawan matakai daban don na balanches da don rukunin canzawa, wato, yawan matakai. Yawanci, wannan adadin ya dogara da radius na juyawa, wanda aka shafa wa zane, sa'an nan ya rarrabu cikin sassan.

Zai fi dacewa, yawan matakai a cikin kowane matakai na Maris ya zama iri ɗaya.

Lissafin lokacin daukar lokaci

Tsayi mai tsayi (nesa tsakanin matakai)

Tsawon mai m, wato, nisa tsakanin abubuwanda makwabta su kasance domin mutumin yana motsa, ba tsayawa ba. Gabaɗaya da aka karɓa da aka karɓa suna saita mafi kyawun girman m - 15-20 cm.

Mataki (nisa nisa)

Muhimmin abu don motsi mai dadi shine nisa na mataki. Zaɓin mafi kyau shine wasiƙar sigogi tare da tsawon kafa. Saboda haka, an saita siga - 23 cm. A zahiri, wannan mai nuna alama na iya bambanta duka don ƙara haɓakawa da rage girman.

Lissafin girman matakala

Idan girman ɗakin ba ya bada izinin kafa matakan daidaitattun matakan, zaku iya zuwa wasu dabaru. Misali, zaku iya ƙara rataye na mataki sama da tallafin. Amma, a wannan yanayin, dole ne a tuna cewa anan kuma yana nan: wannan siga kada ya wuce 5 cm.

Don daidaita ƙididdige matakan gabaɗaya, ya zama dole a bi irin waɗannan abubuwan:

  • Faɗin ɓangaren waje kada ya wuce 40 cm;
  • Faɗin mataki akan ciki an sanya shi aƙalla 10 cm.

Lissafin lokacin daukar lokaci

Matsayi

Yawancin lokaci ana lissafta matakan DyNA daidai gwargwado da fadin matakala, la'akari da wasu abubuwa da yawa. Idan tsarin yana rufe a kan ci gaba, tsawon matakin ya zama cikakke ga nisa tsakanin bim. Tsarin akan dandamali yana ba da 'yancin neman zaɓi. Tsawon an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar sha'awar abokin ciniki.

A Bidiyo: Hanya mafi sauki don yin lissafin matakala.

Sawg koosurov

Kafin ka yanke dandamali tare da hannayenka, kuna buƙatar daidaitattun lissafi da kuma yin tarayya. Wannan yana amfani da samfuri da aka yi a cikin hanyar alwatika mai kusurwa. Ofaya daga cikin na gari ya yi dace da girman girman zafin, da zurfin mataki na biyu. Aiwatar da alwatika na hypotenuse zuwa gefen katako, sun sanya wuraren ajiye abubuwa a kai kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa a cikin hoto. Bayan amfani da alamar ta hanyar wani madauwari ya gani, Triangles an yanke shi, to, wuraren da aka samo suna niƙa.

Samar da cososov na surajecze tare da nasu hannayensu

Shigarwa na Tallafin Pillars

A mataki na gaba, an sanya ginshiƙai, wanda zai mayar da yara. Ana aiwatar da ginin tallafi na farko a wani wuri wanda tsawon Maris na farkon Maris ya ƙare akan aikin da kuma juji na tsarin ya fara. A baya can cikin tallafi suna ba da zurfi a cikin girman ƙananan ƙarshen maurow.

A kasan farkon matakala na gaba, sanya shi a cikin kusurwa, yana da mahimmanci don gina tallafi a ƙarƙashin matakai masu gudana. Za su kuma sanya hannu da tsouris, wanda yake a bango.

Matakan zobe tare da hannuwanku

Kosoe sauri

Fara tsare mai da aka gama a saman, ta amfani da sasannin ƙarfe. Suna shirya ramuka a gaba da shigar ta hanyar bolts. An haɗe bango na bango zuwa wata agaji ko ƙarfe.

Mataki na a kan batun: Menene bammerare don zaɓar matakala na katako: jinsuna, masu girma dabam da sanannen itace irin itace

Gudun matakala akan shanu tare da hannuwanku

A lokacin da aka haɗa da platter, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa suna cikin tsananin girman juna. Kuna iya yin imani da wannan ta matakin ginin.

Matakala akan shanu tare da hannuwanku

Yin matakai

Bayan an sanya waƙoƙin a wurinsu, ci gaba da samar da matakai. Madaidaiciya m sa kyakkyawa mai sauƙi. Bari muyi cikakken bayani game da matakan gabaɗaya. Abubuwa na buƙatar yanke abubuwa daga hukumar tare da girma 90 × 90 × 4 cm. Jimlar zai buƙaci matakai uku. Mun raba jirgi zuwa 3 daidai sassa, domin wannan muna gudanar da layin kusurwa daya. A sakamakon haka, muna samun sassan da muke lissafta da kuma samar da matakan.

Yana Gudun Matakan daga Hukumar da hannayensu

Mun ga hukumar ta cire kowane bangare a cikin girman, bi da bi, da Koshomers. A mataki na ƙarshe, duk matakan da muke buɗewa muna buɗe lacquer, yana haifar da yadudduka uku.

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Ana ɗaukar matakan hawa

Mataki na gaba shine shigar da matakan da suka gama da taron ƙirar da ke da hannuwanku. Tare da matakan madaidaiciya, komai abu ne mai sauki - an sanya su a kan sumbin da aka shirya a cikin cosos. Don hawa abubuwan tsagi abubuwa a kan matakalar sashen matakala a cikin Post Post, ya zama dole a yanke grooves. Dole ne su sami ƙananan ƙuruciya fiye da kauri daga matakai.

Shigarwa na gudu matakai yi da kanka

Don saita matakai daga waje, wato, bango, ya zama dole don tsaftace hanyoyin. Suna da tabbaci a bango.

Shigarwa na matakala tare da matakai na dogon lokaci yi da kanka

A cikin ciki na mamaye matakin da PV da saka a cikin tsagi da aka shirya, da kuma dacewar waje akan rakɓukan tallafi ta bango, idan ya cancanta, mun dace da gefen. Domin ɓangaren da za a gyara amintacce, an goge shi da firam ɗin.

Matakan karfi Yi shi da kanka

Bayan haka, mun shigar da wasan kwaikwayo don ƙananan Maris na matakala - ya zama dole a ɓoye ƙarshen matakan madaidaiciya da gano kusurwar ɓangaren da aka gudanar daga baya. Yanke gefen jagorar a kusurwar dama don ku iya shigar da ginshiƙan shigar da shigarwar.

Matakan itace tare da matakan gaba ɗaya tare da nasu hannayensu

Fencing da Balaasins

Mataki na karshe na Majalisar Ruwa na Rotary shine shigar da layin dogo. Don yin wannan, dole ne a fara shigar da bolusters akan matakan. Kuna iya yin wannan tare da taimakon ƙwayoyin yatsa da amfani da wrunches.

A cikin kowane mataki, ta gefuna, ya zama dole don yin ta hanyar ramuka a diamita a ɗan ƙaramin yanki fiye da sashin da ya dace na Wanks. Ramuka ya kamata su zama madaidaiciya a tsaye, in ba haka ba Balasins zai ci gaba. Sucks sa mai manne PVa kuma zurfafa cikin tsagi da aka samu, bayan da Sadim Bayes ne Balaasins, wanda aka riga aka yi ramuka masu dacewa.

Shigar da balosine a kan matakala tare da hannuwanku

Mataki na gaba shine a daidaita ɓangaren sama don hawa dogo, wato, kuna buƙatar yanke bales. Don yin wannan, zaren zaren an gyara zuwa matsanancin racks kuma yi alama shi. Sannan ƙarin bayani an yanka. A ƙarshe, an sanya harsashin ginin kuma an tsare su tare da taimakon shugabannin karatun kai.

Shigarwa na balyasin da kuma jirgin ruwa a kan matakala

Kulawa na katako

Lura da abubuwa masu sauki masu sauki, zaku iya sha'awan kyawun matakala na dogon lokaci a cikin gidan:
  • A gefen rauni na matakalar katako shine tsoron yawan danshi. Sabili da haka, yayin tsabtatawa, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa soso yana da laima, kuma bayan ƙirar yana da shawarar a goge ya bushe bushe da tawul.
  • Kimanin sau ɗaya a mako yana da kyawawa don shafa matakai tare da babban polyrolon mai girma. Wannan zai adana bayyanar da matakala kuma hana bayyanar karar.
  • Ana ba da shawarar kwararru don gudanar da aikin kariya a kan abin da ya faru na naman gwari. Don wannan sau ɗaya a shekara, abubuwan da matakashen matakashen an kula da su tare da wakili na antifungal.
  • Babu kasa da ruwa, itacen yana jin tsoron mukamai. Sabili da haka, ba shi yiwuwa tafiya tare da matakai a cikin takalmin a kan diddige, don rage ƙananan jakunkuna da sauransu.

Cikakken tsari na masana'antu (1 bidiyo)

Zaɓuɓɓuka don matakala (hotuna 50)

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Yadda ake yin wani tsani tare da masu bayarwa: Cikakken umarnin akan taron kai

Kara karantawa