Mumabiro, kunge mamwe ekudziya ekudziya, kwete kupisa kwese, uko kunogoverwa panguva yekusvibisa kwemafuta kunoshandiswa. Yakanyanya kupisa mashizha ane zvigadzirwa zvekupisa mumhepo, chikamu chakarasika kuburikidza neimba yekubika uye chikamu chidiki chakarasika nekuda kwekushomeka kwemakemikari kana kuti kushomeka kwekutakura. Pasi pekushomeka kwekusagadzikana kunonzwisiswa sekurasikirwa kwekupisa nekuda kwekutadza kana kuderera kwezvinhu zvemagetsi zvisikwa zvisina kugadzirwa.
Iyo inopisa chiyero cheiyo yekuparadzira yekupisa iyo inoburitswa kana ichipisa mafuta, yekupisa inobatsira inoshandiswa nechinangwa charo, uye pakupisa kupisa, izvo zvinoitika panguva yekushanda kwemidziyo yekugadzira.
Chirongwa chezvakakosha masosi ekupisa kupisa.
Iko kukosha kwehukuru hwaigona kumira nekupisa kwezasi kwechiitiko chemafuta ese anotorwa seyekuita kukosha kwekushisa kwekupisa.
Kana mafuta akasimba kana emvura anoshandiswa mumubheler, iyo yekushisa iri muKilodzhoules ine kilogiramu yega yega yehunhu, uye paunenge uchishandisa gasi, hama yemamita imwe neimwe. Uye mune izvo, mune imwe nyaya, iyo yekubika iyo inoyera inogona kutaurwa sepesenti.
Iyo inobata chiyero chequation
Iko kupisa kwakarongedzwa equation yeiyo boiler kana ichipfuta gasi inogona kuratidzwa neye inotevera formula:
Iyo yakaringana yekupa parameter inopa kubereka kwakanyanya kweiyo yekudziya system.
- QT = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6;
- Iko QT ndiyo huwandu hwakazara hwekupisa kupisa kwakanyoreswa muvira remota;
- Q1 - Kupisa kunobatsira kunoshandiswa kupisa inotonhorera kana kuwana steam;
- Q2 - Kurasikirwa kupisa, uko kunoenda pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvekusimbisa mumhepo;
- Q3 - Kurasikirwa kupisa kwakabatana neisina kukwana makemikari Conussion;
- Q4 - kurasikirwa kwekupisa nekuda kwekuita kwemuchina kusingakoshi;
- Q5 - Kurasikirwa kupisa kuburikidza nemadziro emabhayeti uye mapaipi;
- Q6 - Kupisa kurasikirwa nekuda kwekubviswa kweAsh uye slag kubva muchoto.
Sezvatinogona kuoneka kubva kuimba yekubiridzira equation, pavanopfuta gasous kana mvura mafuta, hapana q4 uye Q6 tsika hunhu chete hwenzvimbo dzakasimba chete.
Kana iyo yekushisa chiyero ichiratidzwa sepesenti yekupisa kwakazara (QT = 100%), kuenzana uku kunotora fomu:
- 100 = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6.
Kana nhengo yega yega yekupisa yakaenzana kubva kuruboshwe uye kurudyi chikamu chakakamurwa kuita qt uye nekuwanza ne100, saka iyo yekupisa iyo inowedzera chiyero sepesenti yehuwandu hwekupisa.
- Q1 = Q1 * 100 / QT;
- Q2 = Q2 * 100 / QT uye zvichingodaro.
Kana mafuta kana mafuta esimba anoshandiswa mumubhebhi, saka kurasikirwa q4 uye q6 kushaikwa, kupisa kwezviyero zve boiler mune muzana inotora fomu:
- 100 = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q5.
Rudzi rwese rwekupisa uye nequation inofanira kutariswa.
Kupisa kwakashandiswa nechinangwa (Q1)
Chirongwa chehunyanzvi hwekushanda kweiyo stationary inopisa jenareta.
Kupisa kunoshandiswa kuchinangwa chakananga ndechekuti mutakuri wekupisa anoshandiswa pakudziya kweanotonhorera, kana kugadzirira kwevakapiwa nekumanikidza, iyo inofungidzirwa kubva pakudziya kwemvura yemvura. Kuvapo kwehupfumi kunowedzera zvakanyanya huwandu hwekupisa kunobatsira, sezvo zvichiita kuti zviitike zvakanyanya kushandisa kupisa, izvo zvirimo mune zvigadzirwa zveComustion.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Kuronga imba-yekutengesa imba ine matatu mambokadzi - sarudza chirongwa kuravira
Kana boiler ichimhanya, iyo elasticity uye kumanikidzwa kweSteam mukati mayo kunowedzera. Iyo yekubikira yemvura inoenderana nemaitiro aya. Kana, mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, iyo nzvimbo yekubikira yemvura ndeye 100 ° C, zvino kana vaviri vaviri kudzvanywa kuchiwedzera, ichi chiratidzo chinowedzera. Panguva imwe chete, vaviri vaviri, vari mune imwe boiler pamwe nemvura inovira, inonzi yakazara yakazara, uye iyo yekubikira kwemvura pakumanikidzwa kweiyo yakapihwa yeiyo tembiricha inogutsa.
Kana pasina madonhwe emvura mumaviri, ipapo inonzi yakaoma yakaoma yakazara. Chikamu chevanhu chakawandisa chewomered steam mune imwe chete yakaomeswa iyero yekuoma kweiyo steam, inoratidzwa sepesenti. Mune steam boilers, kunyorova kweiyo steam inobva ku0 kusvika ku0,10%. Kana iyo humidity inodarika izvi zviratidzo, boiler haishande mumamiriro ekunze.
Kupisa kunobatsira, iyo inoshandiswa pakudziya kwe1 yemvura kubva kuna zero tembiricha kusvika pakuvira nguva yekudzvinyirira, inonzi iyo inobvumirwa yemvura. Kupisa kwakadyiwa neshanduro ye1 l yekubika fluid mumapuriti nyika inonzi yakavanzika kupisa kweiyo vaporization. Uwandu hweizvi zviviri zviratidzo ndizvo zvakajairika kupisa zvemukati kweiyo yakagutswa steam.
Kupisa kurasikirwa neConstimon zvigadzirwa, kusiya mamiriro ekunze (Q2)
Rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa kwePerneser runoratidza mutsauko wehunyanzvi hwekunakidzwa kwemagasi anobuda uye mhepo inotonhora ichipinda mubato. Formulas ekusarudza izvi kurasikirwa kwakasiyana paunenge uchishandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu mafuta.
Kupiswa kwemafuta emafuta kunotungamira pakurasikirwa kwekupisa nekuda kwemakemikari asiri-kuburitsa.
Kana uchishandisa mafuta akasimba, kurasikirwa q2 ndeye:
- Q2 = (ig-αg * i) (100-Q4) / QT;
- INI INDI INI INI ING ENGE YEMAKARA KUTI MUNYENGETSI WEMAHARA
Iyo Q4 chiratidzo inosvitswa mufomula nekuti inofanira kufunga nezvekupisa kwakaburitswa panguva yekupisa muviri kwe1 kg yemafuta, uye kwete kwe1 kg yehuni yakapinda muchoto.
Kana uchishandisa gadziriro kana yemvura mafuta, iyo fomu imwechete ine fomu:
- Q2 = ((Ig-αg * iv) / QT) * 100%.
Kupisa kurasikirwa nemagasi anobuda zvinoenderana nedunhu rekudziya boiler uye maitiro anoshanda. Semuenzaniso, kana bhuku racho racho riratidze mafuta mukupisa kwerudzi urwu rakanyanya kukwidziridzwa nekuda kweiyo nguva yechishanu yemhepo yemhepo.
Kurasikirwa kwemasimba esimba nekuyerera mumamiriro ekunze nemagasi eutsi anowedzera nekuwedzera tembiricha uye huwandu hwemhepo inogoneka. Semuenzaniso, tembiricha yemagasi inoyerera mumhepo yekusavapo kwehupfumi uye iyo mweya weHater ndeye COFTER ndeye C, uye kana ivo vari kuvapo, chete 120-10 ° C, inowedzera kakawanda kukosha kwe kupisa kunobatsira kwakashandiswa.
Boiler inosimudza chirongwa.
Kune rimwe divi, tembiricha isina kukwana yezvigadzirwa zvinobuda zvingaudzwe zvinogona kutungamira kuumbwa kwemvura yemvura yekudzora mvura yekupisa, izvo zvinokanganisa kuumbwa kwechando chando munguva yechando.
Chinyorwa pamusoro wenyaya: Zvinoita here kuti uite mhanza kana isiri: zvese "" uye "kubva"
Iyo huwandu hwemhepo inodiwa inotsamira pane mhando yeBurner uye maitiro ekuvhiya. Kana zvikawedzera kuenzaniswa neakakwana kukosha, izvi zvinotungamira kune zvemhepo zvemhepo mumhepo inobuda mumagasi kunze, iyo inoenderera mberi nekutakura chikamu chekupisa. Ichi chiitiko chisingadzivisiki icho chisingagoni kumiswa, asi chinogona kuunzwa kune hushoma tsika. Muzvinhu zvazvino, iyo yemhepo inoyerera haifanire kufumura 1.08 yeiyo inopisa nejekiseni rakakwana, 1.1 - yeBurners neyekubaya uye kusanganisa mhepo uye 1.15 - yeiyo disfusion inopisa nekusangana kwekunze. Kuti uwedzere kurasikirwa kwekupisa nemhepo inobuda, iko kuvapo kwemamwe mhepo vatsigire muvira uye mapepa emabhayeti. Kuchengeta mweya kuyerera kune iyo yakakwana nhanho inoderedza Q2 kusvika zvishoma.
Kuti uderedze kukosha kweQ2, zvinodikanwa kuti ubvise kunze kwekunze uye kwemukati wepamoyo mumvura, tevera kushomeka kwemvura, iyo inoderedza mafuta ekutakura kune inotonhorera, inotevedzera zvinodiwa nemvura inoshandiswa Mumabhayeri, tarisa kushomeka kwekukuvara mumubhoti uye pombi kubatana kuitira kuti usabvumire mhepo inflows. Kushandiswa kwekuwedzera kwemagetsi ekudziya nzvimbo mumasikati turakiti kupedza magetsi. Nekudaro, kuchengetedza kubva pakushandiswa kwehunhu hwemafuta kuchave wakakwira kupfuura mutengo wemagetsi unodyiwa.
Kupedza kupisa kubva kumakemikari mafuta emakemikari (Q3)
Rudzi urwu rwechirongwa runofunga kuchengetedzwa kweiyo yekudziya system kubva pakunyanyisa.
Chinyorwa chikuru cheMemical yemakemikari chemafuta cheMafuta ndiko kuvapo kweCarbon Monoxide Gasi (kana uchishandisa mafuta exels) kana kabhoni monoxide uye methane (paunenge uchipisa mafuta emafuta). Kurasikirwa kwoushamwari kubva kumakemikari nosta kwakaenzana nekupisa uko kwaigona kumira kunze kana uchipisa izvi zvasara.
Huwandu husina kukwana hwemafuta hunoenderana nekushaikwa kwemhepo, husina hurombo kusanganisa nemhepo, kudzora tembiricha mukati mebhandi kana kuonana nemurazvo wemoto unopisa nemadziro emabhairi. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwakawandisa kwehuwandu hweokisijeni inouya kwete chete kusavimbisa kuzere kwehunhu, asi kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwemubhoti.
Zvemukati zvakaringana zvebhoni kabhoni pane choto chevira pane tembiricha ye1400 ° C inofanira kunge isiri kupfuura 0.05% (maererano nemagasi akaoma). Nehunhu hwakadaro hwekupisa kurasikirwa kubva kune unjit, ivo vachave matatu kusvika ku7% zvichienderana nemafuta. Iko kushomeka kweokisijeni kunogona kuunza iyi kukosha kusvika ku25%.
Asi zvakafanira kuti uwane mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuitira kuti makemikari asina kunyatsoita mafuta asipo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mweya wakakwana muchoto, chengetedza tembiricha yekudziya mukati memubheler, zadzisa kusanganisa kwakakwana kwemusanganiswa wemafuta nemhepo. Iro rehupfumi rakanyanya rebhandi rinowanikwa kana zviri mukati meCarbon dioxide mune zvigadzirwa zveConustion, kusvika pamhepo, padanho re13-15% zvichienderana nerudzi rwemafuta. Nekuwedzeredza kwemhepo kudya kwemhepo, zvirimo zveCarbon dioxide muutsi hunobva hunogona kuderera ne 3-5%, asi kupisa kwekupisa kuchawedzera. Nekushanda kwakajairika kwemidziyo yekudziya, kurasikirwa q3 ndeye 0-0.5% yeguruva carbon uye 1% yekudyara.
Chinyorwa pane iyo nyaya: Quad bhasikoro ita iwe pachako
Kurasikirwa kwoushamwari kubva pakushayikwa kwenyama kwekutakura (Q4)
Rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa runoitika nekuda kwekuti iyo isina kugadzirwa mafuta zvidimbu inowira pakati pegarara muhari kana kutakurwa nezvigadzirwa zvekupiswa kuburikidza nemhepo mumhepo. Kurasikirwa kwekupisa kubva mukunyama kusati kwamutswa zvakananga kunoenderana nekugadzirwa kweiyo boiler, iyo nzvimbo uye chimiro cheguva, masimba ehunhu, mamiriro ehunhu uye tsinde.
Iko kurasikirwa kwakanyanya kwakanyanya kubva kune mechaniki nearasta ine denderedzwa kupisa mafuta akasimba uye anofuratirwa. Mune ino kesi, nhamba huru yezvidimbu zvidiki zvisina kufanira zvinotakurwa pamwe neutsi. Izvi zvinonyanya kuratidzwa zvakanaka kana uchishandisa inhomonousous mafuta, kana ichinge ichiwedzera zvidimbu zvidiki uye zvakakura zvemafuta. Kupisa kweeya mumwe nemumwe kunowanikwa inhomoneous, sezvidimbu zvidiki zvinopisa nekukurumidza uye kupfekwa neutsi. Mukupindirana kwemukati, mhepo inoyerera, iyo inotonhorera zvidimbu zvakakura zvehuni. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vakafukidzwa ne slag crust uye vasingaiti zvachose.
Kupisa kurasa mumakirinari incomy kazhinji inenge 1% yeguruva shafts uye kusvika ku 7.5% yekudyara.
Kupisa kurasikirwa zvakananga kuburikidza nemadziro emubhoti (Q5)
Rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa rwunoenderana nechimiro uye dhizaini yemabhayeti, iyo ukobvu uye mhando yedenga rezvose zviri zviviri boiler uye chimney pombi, iyo yekupisa inopisa skrini. Mukuwedzera, kuvakwa kwekupfura kune pesvedzero yakakura pakurasikirwa, pamwe nekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzekuwedzera dzekudziya uye magetsi magetsi nenzira yeutsi. Uku kurasikirwa kwekupisa kunowedzera mukuvapo kwekunyora mukamuri uko kudziya kwemidziyo yakamira, pamwe neiyo nhamba uye nguva yekuvhurwa kwechoto uye mutsara wehurongwa hwehurongwa hwehurongwa. Kuderedza huwandu hwekurasikirwa kunoenderana nekutsvedza kweiyo boiler uye kuwanikwa kwehupfumi. Zvinofadza pakuderera kwekushisa kurasikirwa zvinokanganisa kufambisa kwemapepa emapepa, kuburikidza nemagasi ekupedza anobviswa mumhepo.
Kupisa kurasikirwa nekuda kwekubviswa kweiyo ash uye slag (Q6)
Rudzi urwu rwekurasikirwa runoratidzwa chete kune yakasimba mafuta mune inochinjika uye guruva-rakaumbwa. Neisina kukwana, iyo isina kukwana mafuta zvikamu zvinowira mugubhu ash, kubva kwadzinobviswa nekuita chikamu chekupisa. Uku kurasikirwa kwekurasikirwa kunoenderana neutsinye hwekuita huni uye kushambidzika kunamatwa.
Iyo yekupisa mwero weiyo boiler ihukuru iyo inoratidza kuve wakashata uye kushanda zvakanaka kwemubhoti wako. Hukuru hwemubhadharo wechiyero hunogona kunge uchisarudza nematanho anozobatsira kuponesa mafuta akasanganiswa uye kuwedzera kugona kwekudzidzira michina.