Ukuba ufuna ukwakha okungaqhelekanga, ngokungafaniyo nendlu yommelwane, jonga izindlu phantsi kophahla olunye. Inika imbonakalo yokwakha. Ukongeza, uphahla olukodwa luyinto elula kwisixhobo. Ilula kangangokuba inokwenziwa ngezandla zakho.
Okuhle nokubi
Uphahla olutsha luthathwa njengezixhobo ezibi kwaye zilula kwisixhobo ngokwaso. Kwaye oku kuyinyani, ngakumbi ububanzi besakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, kwilizwe lethu ekhaya kunye nophahla olunamacala elinye kukho ubuchwephesha. Ubukhulu becala, oku kungenxa yokuba umoya emibini okanye amane ophathwayo uqhelekile kakhulu - bajonge ngakumbi. I-snag yesibini kukufumana iprojekthi ihlengahlengiswe kwiimeko zethu zemozulu. Kukho izixhobo ezininzi zeprojekthi yaseNtshona, kodwa zenzelwe imeko ethambileyo, njengomgaqo, ube nendawo enkulu yokugcwala. Fumana umyili obengezelayo otshintsha ngokufanelekileyo iprojekthi oyithandayo inzima kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba kusenokwenzeka, kwaye ukuvumelana kwesakhiwo kwakungaphazanyiswa, indlu ijika ingasebenzi.
Enye yeeprojekthi zezindlu ezinophahla olunye
Uninzi lukhulu olungalinganiyo kwinxalenye ethile yesakhiwo. Ewe, kunjalo, kunzima ngakumbi ukubetha kunomgangatho, kodwa iziphumo zahluke ngokupheleleyo - i-thewo yoqobo yi-100%. Kuyinyani, eli xesha fumana umyili onokukhulisa i-Internal efanayo nakwiindawo zokumama yethu kunzima kakhulu, nangona kunjalo.
Ikho enye indlela yokuphuma-ukulungelelanisa iziqwengana ngokugqobhoza, kwaye indawo yasimahla phantsi kophahla isetyenziswa njengendawo yezobugcisa. Olo zikhetho kunye nemikhosi iphunyezwe yaneliseke kakhulu. Ewe, izakhiwo zobugcisa kwimgangatho engaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ngaphezulu, kodwa akukho ngxaki ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba.
Le mhlawumbi yonke imizuzu okanye imingxunya enokuthi iphaphahla enye. Kukho, nangona kunjalo, okuthiwe, ekunzima ukuchaza ukungabi nakhohlakeleyo, ngenxa yemo yesakhiwo, izixhobo zophahla azibonakali kwezi zindlu zivela emhlabeni. Ukuba le ndawo igudileyo, ngaphandle kwamachaphaza aphezulu eziphakamileyo, ayakhathaza imbonakalo yophahla, ayinangqondo. Kungcono ukukhetha inkangeleko elula ngenkangeleko, kodwa izinto eziphezulu eziphezulu, ukuthula (inqwelomoya enkulu, ngengxolo yemvula) kwaye inokuthenjwa. Enye yeendlela zokhetho ezithandwayo luphahla olusongelayo. Inika inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuqina, hayi ingxolo enkulu. Olunye ukhetho luphahla oluthambileyo lophantsi ukusuka kwizixhobo zale mihla. Uphahla olunjalo lundwendwela, kwaye izixhobo zale mihla zinokusebenza iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Isixhobo sophahla lwemoto olunye
Ithambeka elifunwayo lophahla lwetafile luhlelwe ngenxa yokuphakama kweendonga ezichaseneyo. Udonga Olunye lwesakhiwo luphakamile kakhulu kunenye. Oku kukhokelela ekunyuseni ukutya kwezinto zokwenza iindonga, kodwa inkqubo yeRAFT ilula kakhulu, ingakumbi kwizakhiwo zobubanzi obutsha.
Uphahla olutsha lweShed
Ngamandla odonga obaneleyo, inkqubo yelayini yophahla elinye lusekwe kwiMarylalat, elimisiweyo eludongeni. Ukwenzela ukuba usasazwe lube neyunifomu engaphezulu, umqolo ophezulu we-Wood Massorry womelezwe yi-deridedinal yodonga (kwiindonga ze-Brick, kwi-Armopoyas) okanye i-Armopoyas (i-Armopoyas (yeListone , Seler) zigalelwe ngaphezulu komqolo wokugqibela. Kwimeko ye-Wooden okanye isakhelo, indima yeMauert ihlala yenza isithsaba sokugqibela okanye ukubopha ngaphezulu.
Ngamandla angonwabanga zezinto zokwakha zodonga, uninzi lomthwalo lunokudluliselwa kwi-Overlap. Kule nto, i-racks ifakiwe (inyathelo - malunga ne-1 mitha), ukuba ibaleka ihamba-imiva emide ehamba esakhiwo. Kubo kwaye ixhomekeke kwimilenze emile.
Ungawutshintshela njani umthwalo ovela kwiindonga ukuba ugqithise
Xa iArmopoyas yayigcwalisa okanye ibeka umqolo wokugqibela, kuyo, ngenyathelo le-80-100 cm, kufakwa izitshixo, apho i-maueert inamathele kwiindonga zesakhiwo. Kwizindlu ezenziwe ngomthi, ukuba awukwenzi iArmopoyas, akunakwenzeka ukubeka imipu. Kule meko, ivunyelwe ukuba ifake i-pins ngentloko ye-hexagon. Phantsi kwePIN, umngxunya uyadinwa nge-maeert, i-millimitha engaphantsi kobubanzi be-PIN. Intonga yentsimbi ivaliwe kuyo, etsala ibha yomthi eludongeni. Unxibelelwano luyalibaziseka kusetyenziswa isitshixo se-hex yesayizi oyifunayo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Ukuhonjiswa kweWall yangaphakathi: Izixhobo kunye nokukhethwa (Ifoto)
Inkqubo enye yophahla
Uphahla olunjalo luthandwa ngakumbi xa kusenziwa iZakhiwo zeyadi - uSarayi, iigaraji. Ubungakanani bezakhiwo zenze ukuba bangakwazi ukusebenzisa imiqadi enamandla, kwaye imiqadi iyafuneka kwinani elincinci. Ngobubanzi besakhiwo ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-6, inkqubo yeChalk yophahla lwetafile iphantse iqulethe izinto ezongezelelweyo zoqeqesho (i-backups kunye ne-run), ezinokunceda. Ikwatsala ukungabikho kweendawo ezintsonkothileyo.
Kumtya ophakathi waseRussia ukubaleka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5.5 yeemitha ithatha i-50-150 mm, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-4 zanele i-50-100 mm, nangona inyanzelekile ukuba ithathe ikhephu kwikhephu , kwaye, ngokusekelwe koku, ukuba kugqitywe ngeparamitha ye-beam.
Inkqubo yophahla olunye enophahla oluncinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezi-6)
Xa umgama ophakathi kweendonga sele ukuya kwi-4.5 yeemitha, uphahla oluthile lwetafile luquka ezimbini kwi-maurolalat, ezilungiselelwe iindonga, kunye ne-mauerting, esekwe kwiMauerlate. Uyilo olulula kakhulu.
Ngobubanzi bexesha ukusuka kwi-4,5 yeemitha ukuya kwiimitha ezi-6, kuya kufuneka ukuba ifakwe kudonga oluphezulu kwinqanaba lokugqobhoza kunye nomlenze ophezulu, ophumle emngxunyeni phantse waphantse wafika phakathi. I-angle yethambeka yalo mbengo ixhomekeke kumgama phakathi kweendonga kunye nenqanaba lokufakwa kwe-lenznne.
Iinkqubo zokulinganisa ezintsonkothileyo ezinzima kunxweme lwetafile kunye nobubanzi bezakhiwo zingaphezulu kweemitha ezi-6. Kule meko, iphezulu ukuba indlu yenziwe ukuba ngaphakathi kukukhona kwakukho nodonga oluphathelele, olusekwe kwiiracks. Ngobubanzi bendlu ukuya kwiimitha ezili-12, iifama ziselula, iindleko zesixhobo sophahla zincinci.
Isixhobo seefama zophahla lwetafile kunye nobubanzi bezakhiwo zingaphezulu kwe-6 yeemitha
Kwizakhiwo zobubanzi ngaphezu kweemitha ezili-12, le nkqubo iba nzima ngakumbi - iinyawo ze-subcompanga iba nkulu. Ukongeza, ukwenziwa kwe-beams ixesha elide kunemitha ubude kuyabiza. Ukuba ulwando lufuneka kuphela kububanzi be-ohs of yopha eluphahleni, imiqadi iqanduselwe ecaleni kwemiphetho yepumps. Ezi ziibhunga zecandelo elinye, ziqhagamshelwe kwi-beam kwaye zilungisiwe emacaleni ezinamacala amabini anenkuni kunye nobude obune-60 cm ezihonjiswe ngeebhotile okanye izipikili, zivumele ukusetyenziswa kweepleyiti zokuphakamisa.
Inketho yokucheba i-stropil
Ukuba ubude becala bungabizi ngaphezulu kweemitha ezi-8, bahlala bephaphathwa. Amalungu omdibaniso wongeza ngokubulawa kweeplanga okanye iipleyiti.
Ukhetho olukhawulezileyo luye lwasanduluka kwiMauerlat: Ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya phezulu kunye nobunzima ngaphezulu. Ezantsi ngasekunene, ukhetho lwee-Sinks ngaphandle kwe-soles (kunqabile)
Kunokubakho imibuzo malunga neendlela zokwenza uphahla olukhawulezileyo ukuya kwiMauerlat. Akukho mahluko osisiseko. Yonke into ikwadlala kunyawo lorati, apho amaplanga ahlala eMauerlat. Ukuze ungabandezeleki ngonyawo ngalunye lorhaka, ukulungisa ukufika, ukusela kuqala, ngaphandle kwebhodi yeBlackbood, i-Plywood okanye ibhafu ka-telywood esenza itemplate, ukuphindaphinda "ukuphindaphinda". Zonke iirafters ezilandelayo zigcwala ngaphambi kofakelo. Itemplate isetyenziswa kubo kwindawo efanelekileyo, ukususwa kwemilo efunekayo kunye nobungakanani bumiselwe.
Yayiyintetho malunga nokukhawulezisa iinyawo ezinzima kwiMauerlate. Isetyenziswa kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezinika i-shrinkani encinci. Kwizindlu zenkuni, le ndlela yokuthambeka ayinakusetyenziswa-indlu ngalo lonke ixesha ihlambulula okanye isuswe kancinci, yiyo loo nto inokubakho i-skew. Ukuba uphahla luhletywe ngokuqinileyo, linokuyiphula. Ke ngoko, xa usebenzisa itafile enye okanye naluphi na uphahla kwizindlu zenkuni, i-sling kunye ne-maeuelalat isetyenziswa. Kule ndlela ibizwa ngokuba "sking". Ezi ziipleyiti, imeko evela kwiimbombo eziqhotyoshelwe kwiMauert kwaye iqhagamshelwe ngokudibeneyo kunye neziqwengana zentsimbi eziqhotyoshelwe kunyawo. Kukho amathambeka amabini alowo.
Ukukhetha i-angle yotyekelo lophahla
Ibhlokhi yebhlokhi yophahla ligqitywe yiyo yonke intanjeni yezalathisi-umthwalo womoya kunye nekhephu kunye nohlobo lokuphahla. Okokuqala, zigqitywe nge-angle yeemeko zemozulu (kuxhomekeka kwinani lemithwalo yomoya). Emva kokubukela ubuncinci be-bias bohlobo olukhethiweyo lwezinto zophahla (kwitheyibhile engezantsi).Inqaku lesihloko: Ungayenza njani iCornice yamakhethini ngezandla zabo kwintombi?
| Igama lophahla | I-angle encinci yotyekelo (kwiidigri) |
|---|---|
| I-Asbian Slate kunye ne-Onulin | I-6 ° |
| Isanti yesanti kunye ne-ceramic tile | I-10 ° |
| I-tile ye-tuminous eguquguqukayo | I-12 ° |
| I-tile yentsimbi. | I-6 ° |
| Isamente yase-Asbia okanye i-shale | I-27 ° |
| Intsimbi ye-Galvanited, ubhedu, i-zin titanium | I-17 ° |
| Unjingalwazi | I-6 ° |
Ukuba i-engile enqwenelekayo inkulu, yonke into ihamba kakuhle, ukuba incinci (eyenzeka kakhulu ayifane) - yonyuka kwi Ukwenza uphahla nge-engile elingaphantsi kwe-angle engezantsi kucetyiswe ngumenzi we-phally, ngokuqinisekileyo ayiyi kuhamba ngamalungu. Kwanokuba lula ukugxila, masithi kumtya ophakathi waseRussia, ithambeka elincomileyo yophahla lwetafile ingama-20 °. Kodwa kuyacetyiswa ukubala inani kwingingqi nganye, kunye namalungiselelo ohlukeneyo ezokwakha kule ndawo.
Ngendlela, hlala ucinga ukuba abavelisi abahlukeneyo bohlobo olufanayo lwezinto ezibonakalayo zinokufuna ukukhetha okuncinci. Umzekelo, ukubekwa kwe-tile yentsimbi ye-brand yophawu enye inokwenziwa eluphahleni kunye nobuncinci be-14 °, enye - nge-16 °. Kwaye oku kuya kuba yinto yokuba i-gost igqiba ubuncinci be-6 °.
Kukufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba nge-skate ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12 ° Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwezinto ezinamanzi, zihlala ziyi-bitumen mastic, kancinci indawo yokutywina).
Sifuna ukuphakama okufunekayo ukuphakamisa udonga
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphahla lwetafile-yetafile, luyimfuneko ukuphakamisa enye yeendonga ngaphezulu. Ngokufunda ukuya kuthi ga, ukukhumbula ifomula yokubala unxantathu onxantathu. Sifumana kwaye ubude beenyawo zereyitha.
Indlela yokubala iiparameter zophahla olunye
Xa ubalwa, ungalibali ukuba ubude bususwe ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo kwimigca, kwaye kufuneka bakhusele iindonga zendlu ukusuka phambili. Ubuncinci besinki yi-20 cm. Kodwa nge-rodge encinci engaphaya kwesakhiwo, uphahla olunye lwe-kautuza lujonga ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Ke ngoko, kuhlala kukho ubuncinci i-60 cm kwizakhiwo ezinqwenelekayo. Kumagumbi amabini ahlala, banokufikelela kwi-120 cm. Kule meko, ububanzi besinki buzimisele ngokusisiseko sokuqatshelwa kobuhle - uphahla lungakhange luqwalasele.
Umzobo wesampulu kwi-scratchup
Eyona ndlela ilula kukumisela ukuba yimalini into eyimfuneko yokwandisa uphahla lweenkqubo zoyilo, ukuvumela isakhiwo kumgangatho kunye "nokudlala" nge-skes. Yonke into kufuneka iboniswe kwimilinganiselo emi-3 (eyona program ye-scratchup). Khetha ubukhulu obahlukeneyo beelebhu, thatha isigqibo sokuba yeyiphi ebonakala ngcono (oku kungenxa yokuba akukho projekthi), kwaye emva koko u-oda / wenze iirafti.
Ingxelo yeFowuni ukusuka ekuqaleni: Uphahla olunye kwindlu yekhonkrithi
Indlu eyakha kwi-St. Petersburg. Le projekthi yayingeyiyo, kwabakho umbono oqhelekileyo oboniswa kwifoto. Indlu eyenziwe ngekhonkrithi, ukugqiba i-Plaster, i-Plaster, eluphahleni okukhethiweyo ngokusekwe kwiindleko eziphantsi, ukuthembeka, ukukhululwa kokufakwa.
Umbono wendlu phantsi kophahla lwe-piene
Emva kokuba iindonga zikhutshiwe, iArmovoians ivela kuzo, apho ii-studs (Ø 10 mm) zafakwa kwimitha nganye. Xa ikhonkrithi e-Armopoyas yafikelela kwimpungezo efunekayo, ungqimba lwamanzi ("i-hydroise", usike ecaleni kobubanzi be-bitumen. Ngaphezu kokuhamba kwamanzi, iMauerlat iyabethwa - inkunzi yegusha i-MM ye-150-150 mm. Zonke iiplanga, ezisetyenziselwa isixhobo sophahla, ezomileyo, ziqwalaselwa zizithintelo ezikhuselayo, i-antipirens.
Qala ngokuphakamisa uphahla lwetafile enye-ibeka i-mauerlate
Kuqala kubekwa kuqala (kubulele kwizikhephethi, kulandelwa ngabancedisi), udlula, unkqonkqoze isando kwiindawo ezimi kuzo. Ibar ifakwe kwiindawo apho izitya zinamathela khona. Ngoku imingxunya iyakhutshiwe kwaye iyokuthatha nje kwiinwele.
Ukusukela ukuba isithuba esifunyenwe sisithuba esikhulu, sibeka i-backups kwibar (i-150-150 mm), efakwe i-run, eya kugcina imilenze emdaka.
Ufakelo lweeracks kwaye ubaleke
Ububanzi bophahla luyiimitha ezili-12. Oku kuthathela ingqalelo ukubekwa kwe-1.2 yeemitha ukusuka kwicala elingaphezulu. Ke ngoko, imivalo ye-Mauert kunye nokubaleka "inamathele" ngaphaya kweendonga zodonga.
Ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kophahla mararylalat kwaye ukuqhuba i-stick ye-x eludongeni
Ekuqaleni bekukho ukuthandabuza malunga nokususwa okukhulu- i-bar yasekunene ixhonywe kwi-2.2 yeemitha. Ukuba le nto incitshisiwe, kubi ngenxa yodonga, imbonakalo iya kuthi gca. Ke ngoko, yonke into yayigqibe kwelokuba ihambe njengoko injalo.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iishelufa ze-balcony zenza ngokwakho
Ukubeka ixesha
Iireyitha ezibekiweyo kwiibhodi ezimbini zokugqabhuka ezi-200 * 50 mm, ngenyathelo le-580 mm. Iibhodi zenziwe ngezikhonkwane, kwi-oda ye-checker (ngasezantsi ngezantsi), ngenyathelo le-200 ukuya kwe-2000 mm. I-Hats izikhonkwane ngasekunene, emva koko ngasekhohlo, ngasekhohlo, ezibini ezimbini zeqonga / ukusuka ezantsi, zimbini i-tops / ukusuka ezantsi ngasekhohlo, njl njl.). Iindawo zokuqhekeza iibhodi zibanzi ngokubanzi zingaphantsi kwe-60 cm. I-Beam ebangela ifunyanwe ngakumbi kune-bar efanayo.
Iirafti zibekwe
Indlela yokukhawulezisa amaplanga
Okulandelayo, ikhekhe lophahla lwetafile olunikiweyo lwendawo ekunikezwe kuyo (kwicala le-attic-esitratweni): I-Vapor Wor, i-Vapor, i-Ventuzor (i-Dentuz, i-Douse isixhobo. Kule meko, lo ngumbala omsulwa ococekileyo.
Umzekelo wekhekhe eluphahleni lophahla olunye (lusemgangathweni ngokubanzi)
Ukufakelwa ngaphakathi kuya kwenziwa kamva, kwaye ngelixa ngaphezulu kwe-rafter, sibeka i-hydro-moya-yokukhusela umoya "okhuselayo" (vapor-ferment).
Sibeka i-voof proof ye-vapor-membrane efihlakeleyo
I-membrane ibeka phantsi, izibika eziqhotyoshelweyo kwi-stappler. I-canvas eqengqeleka ngasentla ingena kwi-CM esele igqityiwe i-15-20 cm. Umdibaniso we-cunch uhlwayelwe i-tepe enamacala amabini (ethengwe kunye ne-membrane). Emva koko iiplanga zichazwe ngaphezulu kwe-membrane, bayi-domil yophahla lokugoba.
Idome yeBhodi 25 * 150 mm
Okokuqala, owenziwe kwiBhodi 25 * 150 mm kwinyathelo le-150 mm. Emva kokulala, njengophahla, kwagqitywa kwelokuba ukomeleze ikhreyithi. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ububanzi obuyi-100 i-MM kwiiplanga phakathi kwaba sele igqityiwe. Ngoku kukho umsantsa we-25 mm phakathi kweebhodi.
Isifo sophahla olunye njengesiphumo
Okulandelayo, i-hooks yokunyusa inkqubo yokuhamba igobile kwi-ronnetone esezantsi. Zingatshatanga, kuba ngenxa yobude be-Fronton, kwagqitywa kwelokuba babini bafumana izinto ezimbini ezifumanayo kumgama oziimitha ezi-2,8 ukusuka kumda. Ukukhusela ukubaleka kumacala amabini kwaye wenze isiqabu.
I-HOCS YOKUGQIBELA YOKUGQIBELA I-STARD
Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza iziqwenga zensimbi (iipeyinti) iimitha ezili-12 ubude. Abanzima, kodwa abanakuba negobo, kuba isalazki inyamalala. Ukuphakamisa, ibhulorho yethutyana "yokuqhagamshela ibhulorho yomhlaba nophahla. Kuye kwaye amashiti anyuswe.
Amaphepha aphakamisayo ngebhulorho
Emva koko hamba uphahla, olwahlukileyo kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwezinto zophahla. Kule meko, kwakuyimfuneko ukusombulula ingxaki yokwandiswa kweqondo lobushushu lezinto ezibonakalayo (i-poral) xa ishushu / ipholile itshintsha ubukhulu becala. Ukuqinisekisa inkululeko yokwandiswa, ukulungisa umbandela wekhreyithi kugqitywe ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ezihamba ngenkululeko yokuhamba kwe-15-20 mm.
Ukufakwa kwee-curvatures zophahla olusongelayo
Ukubeka uphahla lobuxoki ukusuka ePurala
Emva kokubeka izinto zophahla, ii-SWE zisahleli, kwaye azifani.
Ndidinga ukuzisa ingcambu "engqondweni" - ukulunga, kodwa, ubukhulu becala, ikulungele
Ewe, kwifoto engezantsi okwenzekileyo emva kokuhonjiswa. Kakhulu, isitayile kwaye singaqhelekanga.
Indlu ngophahla lwetafile-yetafile-gqiba igqityiwe
Iiprojekthi kunye neefoto zezindlu ezinophahla olunye
Njengoko sele ndixelile, kunzima ukufumana iiprojekthi ezinomdla zezakhiwo zokuhlala nophahla olunye. Ngelixa ezi zakhiwo zingathandwa. Mhlawumbi nje ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo. Eli candelo liqulethe iiprojekthi ezininzi okanye iifoto ezisele zizakhiwe. Mhlawumbi umntu uza kuba luncedo ubuncinci njengombono.
Iprojekthi yendlu encinci phantsi kophahla lwe-piene
Le ndlu ikhona. Ngakumbi uphahla olukhethekileyo olukhethekileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo
Indlu enye-enophahla olunye lwendawo enkulu
Indlu enamacala amabini kunye neendawo ezinamacala amabini
Ngaphantsi kwe-tile yendalo kufuna ukutyeba kakhulu eluphahleni
Iifestile ezinkulu-zintle, kodwa zingenangqondo kwimozulu yethu
Indlu yeNqanaba elihlukeneyo-IProjekthi eSebenzayo eSebenzayo
Le yi-prototype yento ekhoyo ngaphezulu.
Indlu yasekuqaleni. Phantsi kophahla olunye kunye nendlu kunye nendlu kunye nokwakhiwa kwezindwendwe, kunye nenxalenye-ye-canopy ngaphezulu kwentendelezo phakathi kwezakhiwo ezibini
Iprojekthi enye eqondeni, kwelinye icala
Uphahla olubini olunye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo