Ukukhetha i-coating yangaphandle kungumsebenzi onzima. Kufanele kube nokwethenjelwa, kungavinjelwa ukugqokwa, okuhle, okungapheli, kuhlala isikhathi eside. Kuyathandeka futhi ukuthi kufaneleka kalula. Yonke le mibumba yanelisa ithayela le-PVC phansi.
Yini i-PVC (vinyl) floor tale
Akunjalo kudala, olunye uhlobo lwe-PVC coating luvele emakethe - i-vinyl tile. Uyinto efana ne-linoleum enhle (ngakho-ke elinye igama - i-linoleum), kepha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buhlukile, njengefomu lokukhishwa. Lokhu okuqukethwe kugawulwa kunxande noma izigcawu, kungahle kube esisekelweni esinamathela noma ngaphandle kwawo. Ingenalo igama elilodwa - i-LVT tile (LWT) - ukunciphisa igama lesiNgisi elinethezeka le-vinyl tile. I-Design noma i-Art Tile nayo iyacaca - ama-copyright ama-cootings adala ezigcawini noma ama-rectangles.
I-PVC Sex Tile Umbala Kakhulu
Ifomu lokukhishwa liye lahlekisa kangangokuba imakethe inqoba ngokushesha. Kulula ukulingana, kwezomnotho okuningi. Hhayi ngomqondo wentengo - kumane nje (ezingeni le-linoleum yeklasi lezentengiselwano), nangomqondo wokuthi ukutshala kuhlala kungaphansi kokungaphansi kwe-linoleum. Kulokhu, futhi ekusebenzeni kahle kakhulu futhi kuqukethe imfihlo yokuthandwa kwayo okukhulayo.
I-PVC tile phansi iqukethe i-vinyl ne-resin, engeza ukuqina, amapulasitiki, kwesinye isikhathi ama-filler (ukunikeza izakhiwo ezithile noma ukubukeka okukhethekile). Ingxube yokufudumeza icindezelwe. Izinto ezivelayo zibonakaliswa ngobukhulu obuphezulu, kepha zihlala zivumelana nezimo nopulasitiki.
I-PVC Tile iqukethe izingqimba eziningana:
- Izingqimba ezimbili eziyisisekelo.
- Ifilimu elinephethini.
- Ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-pvc esobala.
- Ungqimba lwe-polyurethane olungamelana nalo.
I-PVC Floor Tile Yakha
Ekwakhiweni kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-linoleum tile: i-vinyl ne-quartzinyl (vinyl quartz). Inketho yesibili ibiza kakhulu, kepha futhi ibuye futhi eminyene, ngokumelana nokugqokwa okuphakeme.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo
Ngendlela yokubeka lapho i-PVC tile yesisekelo sokuzithela, kukhona okujwayelekile (ukufakwa kohlobo lwesibili lwe-glue kuyadingeka). Izinto zokuqeda phansi zalolu hlobo zinamathiselwe esisekelweni esihlanzekile. Ngale ndlela yokufaka, i-Flooring yakha i-monolith ngesisekelo.
Kukhona i-tile enama-Locks - Mechanical and Adhesive. Izinto zixhumeke komunye nomunye nalezi zikhiye, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwalo kutholakala okungahlobene nesisekelo. Le nketho ibizwa ngokuthi "phansi" phansi ".
NjengoLinoleum, ama-PVC tile for phansi anokuhlukaniswa ngezinga lomthwalo:
- Isigaba 23- 31 silungele amakamelo anenombolo encane yezivakashi. Kusengabizwa ngokuthi iFaised. I-linoleum tile yalesi sigaba ingabi kakhulu, inobukhulu obufinyelela ku-2 mm futhi hhayi ungqimba oluwukuvikela kakhulu. Ngokwenhlanganisela okunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ifenisha kumasondo.
Uma udinga phansi okuhle - I-Vinyl Tile ingenye yezinketho
- I-PVC tile yezitezi zeklasi 32-42 yenzelwe amakamelo anokusetshenziswa okunamandla. Ubukhulu bawo kusuka ku-2 mm kuya ku-2,5 mm, ubukhulu bengqimba elivikelayo kwanele ukubekezelela noma iyiphi ifenisha, kufaka phakathi amasondo. Leli klasi lilungele amakamelo nezindlu zangasese, futhi ubukhulu bongqimba elivikelayo kufanele buqhamuke kusuka ku-0.3 mm (ngaphezulu - okungcono, kepha futhi kuyabiza kakhulu).
- I-Class 43 iyi-coating engavikeleki kakhulu engamelana nokuhamba. Isikali - ama-workshops kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza.
Kunoma yimaphi amakilasi, ukukhetha kombala nokuthungwa kubanzi kakhulu. Kukhona ukulingiswa kwezinto zemvelo - izinkuni, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamatshe, njll, kukhona ama-monophec, ngezithasiselo zokuhlobisa nangaphandle kwazo. Imvamisa kwenzeka isimo esingunxande, futhi ngobude obuhlukile bezinhlaka, kukhona izigcawu. Ama-rectangles avame ukwenziwa "ngaphansi kwesihlahla", alingisa i-parquet noma phansi ngokhuni, kepha izigcawu zivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi esisodwa. Yazo ziqoqa amaphaneli atholakalayo.
Lapho ukhetha ngasikhathi sinye nekilasi, udinga ukubheka ubukhulu bokuzivikela. I-Sweares yisikhathi, okuhlala isikhathi eside kuzoba ukuhlanganiswa. Ukukhetha okuhle kwekhaya namafulethi kuwugqinsi lwe-tile olungu-3 mm, ubukhulu bengqimba elivikelayo ngu-0,3 mm.
Ubuhle nobubi
Izakhiwo eziphambili ze-vinyl tile yesitezi esaqoqwa ekubuyekezweni okubanjwayo (kanye nabasebanini) besembozo esiphansi. Ama-pluses kwavela okuningi:
- Ukufakwa okulula. I-PVC tile yephansi yanoma yiluphi uhlobo ilungile kalula, yebo lowo ohlekisayo. Ngesikhathi sokufaka, asikho isidingo sokukhuthazelela yonke ifenisha egumbini, njengalapho ubeka uLinoleum. Ungahambisa ingxenye eyodwa, bese udlulisa yonke into ukuze uvele.
- Amandla aphezulu enhlanganisela. Kulezi zibuyekezo eziyi-10, munye kuphela okukhulunywa ukuthi ukuqhekeka okuncane kwavela ebusweni (lapho kufakwa esiqandisini futhi endaweni lapho ithebula lokudlela likhona).
- Ukuqina futhi kulula ukunakekelwa. Ungesabi ukuthi amanzi achitha - ngokubekwa kahle, isendlalelo esimboze kahle. Ungageza nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukuphela kwento eyabikwa ukuthi i-tile yokusiza (okungeyona kuphela ukulingiswa kwesihlahla kuphela kwesihlahla, kodwa futhi nokuthungwa kwayo) kufanele kugezwe eduze kwempumuzo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uthuli luhlabelele ku-grooves. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye kwaphawulwa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwamathayela e-PVC floor kulula kakhulu kune-laminate kanye ne-linoleum (ngaphansi "izinti" zika- "Stick".
I-Vinyl Floor Tile ibukeka ibukeka ibukeka ibukeka
- Kuhle ukuhamba. I-Vinyl Tile ye-Floor ayinalo-slip ngisho nasesimweni esimanzi. Ngisho nangesikhathi esibandayo, kuzwakala sengathi "kufudumele." Yabekwa kubhavu esikhundleni samathayili we-ceramic. Isisekelo sasikhona futhi, kepha imizwa inomusa omkhulu.
- "Uthule." I-PVC tile yephansi ngaphandle kwe-substrate ibekelwe - ngakwesokudla esisekelweni, kepha inezakhiwo ezinhle zomsindo. Akekho umhlaba, egumbini elinakude okupholile kakhulu, nomakhelwane abakhonondi kusuka ngezansi.
- Lapho uwela izinto ezinzima nezisindayo zokulandela lapho ungekho (i-quartzinyl tile).
Ngokuvamile, cishe konke ukumemezela ngokuqondile ukuthi i-PVC tile ye-PVC yephansi ihamba phambili kangangokuba lapho kuze kube manje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Ngaphambi kokuthi" babe ngama-laminate, i-linoleum, i-ceramic tile, umuntu ngisho nothile. Okubi futhi kwaqoqwa kusuka kuzibuyekezo. Babengesikhulu kangako:
- I-coating entsha, ngakho-ke ayiqondakali ukuthi izoziphatha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Impendulo yakudala iyiminyaka emi-5 yokusebenza.
- Amathayili we-Quartzinyl anezindleko ezinhle zokuhlobana kahle.
- I-coating ayisawona ngokwemvelo.
I-PVC tile phansi: enye yezinketho nge-adhesive Lock
Njengoba ubona, kuyindlela enhle kakhulu. Ilungele noma yiziphi izakhiwo - ezobuchwepheshe, zokuhlala, ezinezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza.
Ukulele
Empeleni, ukubekwa kwe-vinyl tile akuyona inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kepha kudinga ukunemba. Ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa ukubeka imigqa emibili yokuqala, okususelwa kubo bonke abanye. Kunomehluko futhi enqubeni ye-Gluing Vinyl Tile ku-glue, ubeke ukuzinamathela noma ngamalokhi. Kepha kunezidingo ezijwayelekile. Cabanga ngayo yonke imibuzo.
I-PVC tile phansi ingaba yisikwele
Yimaphi amathuluzi adingekayo
Kuthatha isethi yamathuluzi ehle, kepha bonke bashibhile, abaningi basepulazini. Ngakho-ke, uzodinga:
- Mahhala imisindo. Kuye, ngakwehlangothi lwangemuva, glue izingcezu eziningana zetheyipu yezwe. Kuyadingeka ukuthi "akahambanga." Futhi ukuze itheyiphu ayinamatheli kakhulu, incenge ngothuli, i-GIS, njll.
- Ummese wokugcina ongena ngaphansi kwecala. Ummese kufanele ube muhle futhi ukhululeke, abanikazi bamabala bangcono kunensimbi, amabala ngokwawo ahlala isikhathi eside futhi abukhali.
- Uma i-line floor tile ikhethiwe, edingekayo ukunamathisela, udinga i-spatula enamazinyo enezinyo elihle. Ithuluzi lokubeka amathayili e-ceramic ngeke lilingane - "izinyo" kumele kube okunxantathu kanye nokuphakama kwamamilimitha ambalwa. Uma ungakutholi lokhu, thenga okujwayelekile, ifayili nama-blade ukwenza ama-feed adingekayo - 1-2 mm.
Amaphaneli we-vinyl wobulili kufanele athathwe kwi-glue ekhethekile
- Roulette.
- Itheyiphu ebanzi yephepha - 5 cm, ama-rolls ambalwa. Kuyadingeka uma i-vinyl tile izobekwa kwi-glue.
- Ama-wipers ayibha yokhuni, ayezwayo, ekhaphethi, izingqimba ezintathu zezicubu eziqinile.
Kungaba kuhle ukuba ne-hairdryer yokwakha. Ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi - lapho uzungeze amapayipi - i-tile ilula ukusika lapho ifudunyezwa. Lapho-ke akunzima ngokwedlulele kunokusika i-linoleum yasendlini. Futhi ungawufudumeza kuphela nge-hairdryer yokwakha. Ithayela elifudumele lisikiwe, bopha upayipi, unqume okweqile.
Ungasika kanjani amathayili e-PVC
Yize i-linoleum tile ihlangene, ukusikeka okuqondile kalula. Uma udinga ukusika okungasoze kwancipha ngonqenqema lwethayili, kulula ukusebenza. Sika i-blade ngomzamo ohlangothini olungaphambili, ugobe endaweni yokusika, ingxenye esele inamachashazi ngommese oqonde emgqeni wesikhumba.
I-PVC Tile Sika phansi ngommese ojwayelekile, bese uyaphuka
Uma i-resh kufanele ibe bushelelezi - yokuqalisa ngethayela elilandelayo, izothatha umbusi kwi-scotch - ukuze ingahambi. Kulokhu, kuzofanela usike yonke into kusukela ohlangothini lwangaphambili. Lokhu akwenziwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha njengoba umbusi ngeke anyakaze, kuzokwazi ukuchitha ibala amabili noma amathathu.
Ukulungiselela Isisekelo
Ungabeka ithayela le-vinyl phansi wedwa. Kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi isisekelo silungiselelwe kahle. Kufanele kube bushelelezi, ihlanzeke, yomile futhi ibe nzima. I-PVC tile phansi ingabekwa kukhonkolo, isisulu sanoma yiluphi uhlobo, i-dlela, i-DVP, OBP, i-GVL nezinye izinto ezifanayo.
Ngaphansi kokhonkolo bese uthayipha kukhona i-nuance eyodwa. I-Screed evela ku-CPS itholakala ikhululeke kakhulu futhi ayiqiniseka ngokwanele. Ngaphansi kwe-vinyl tile kungcono ukuyivumelanisa nengxube ecwengekileyo ngesisekelo. Akunzima futhi akubizi kakhulu, kepha umphumela uzoba muhle kakhulu.
Ukuphambuka okuvumelekile lapho ubeka amathayili e-PVC - 2 mm ngemitha
Lapho ubeka i-vinyl tile esitezi sokhuni, kuyalingana ne-plywood 12-15 mm ubukhulu. Ungasebenzisa i-GVL noma i-OSP. Onke ama-fasteners kufanele avele, izimbobo zesikhathi esedlule. Faka amalunga phakathi kwamashidi (ungakhohlwa ukubeka amapuleti ekuhlakazeni bese ushiya umthungo ngo-2-3 mm - ukunxephezela ukwanda okushisayo). Ngokubeka amalunga, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-acrylic putty - kunwebeka kakhulu futhi kubushelelezi, kungcono ukuba namathayili we-glue. Ngokuvamile, ezitezi zokhuni akungcono ukubeka uthayela wokunamathela, kepha ukuntanta - ngezikhiye zanoma yiluphi uhlobo (Mechanical noma Anama-). Ithuba elingaphansi lokuthi kwenye indawo lapho i-coating izovulwa ngenxa yomehluko ngobukhulu bokwandisa okushisayo.
Isigaba sokugcina sokulungiselela isisekelo siboshwe ngomhlabathi ofanele. Isisekelo sizoba namandla ngokwengeziwe, sizokwehla futhi ikhono lokumunca lizokwehla, kuzoba nokusetshenziswa okuncane kwe-glue.
I-fiberboard ekuqhekekeni
Kusabaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isisekelo sesomile. Umswakama wakhe akufanele weqe u-5%. Ukukala ngosizo lwedivayisi ekhethekile, kepha ayikho indawo ekhaya. Ngakho-ke kufanele wenze ngezindlela ezingezinhlabezayo. Sithatha ucezu lwe-polyethylene ngaphandle kwezimbobo kanye neteyipu elinamafutha. Sigxishwe ngokuqinile nge-polyethylene scotch esisekelweni (eceleni komphetho wezendlalelo eziningana) bese ushiya usuku. Ngemuva kosuku, sisindisa futhi singeze kusuka ngaphakathi. Uma kungekho mqondo, konke kuhamba kahle - phansi kwanele ngokwanele ukuqala ukubeka amathayili e-PVC.
Izindlela zokubeka nokumaka
Uma ukubekwa kwe-PVC Tile kuzokwenziwa ngezandla zazo futhi usebenzisa "ukushushuluza", ukulingisa izinkuni, akukho okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo, kungcono ukuqala ngesikimu esilula - ngokuxoshwa. Ngendlela enjalo yokubeka, kungcono uma ukuhanjiswa ngokuxoshwa kungabonakali kumalunga. Lapho usebenzisa lolu hlelo, kubalulekile kuphela ukuthi amalunga we-butchee ahlukaniswe okungenani ngamasentimitha ayi-15. Indlela enjalo yokubeka nayo inomnotho - isiqeshana esisikiwe kusuka engxenyeni yokugcina ingasebenza njengepuleti yokuqala ngaphakathi okulandelayo (noma ngemuva koyedwa, uma ukuhlangana kuvela kusondele kune-15 cm). Ezinye izinketho ezivamile zokusuka ezintabeni zingu-1/3 no-1/2 webhodi lebhodi. Kulokhu, umdwebo ujwayelekile futhi amajoyina agqamile.
Izindlela ezilula kakhulu, kodwa ezibukekayo zokubeka ama-vinyl tile phansi
Ngale ndlela, ukwakheka kuvame ukuba ngamapulangwe atholakala odongeni olude lwegumbi. Lapho usebenzisa amathayili e-PVC aqondile, ukwakheka kuqala kusuka maphakathi. Ukunquma indawo yeqembu lokuqala ukuthola maphakathi negumbi. Bese kuthi kuyo, kufana nasezindongeni, uqhube umugqa. Kwenze ngosizo lwentambo yokupenda noma umbusi nepensela. Lomugqa uqondiswa ngokubeka imigqa emibili yokuqala ye-vinyl tile, ehlanganisa imiphetho yamathayili ngayo. Ngezinye izindlela zesakhiwo, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu - kuzofanele ubale, ukudweba, futhi akulula kangako.
I-vinyl tile glue
Sebenzisa i-Special - ye-Glueng PVC Coatings. Kukhona izingoma zezinhlobo ezimbili: glue kanye nokulungiswa. Yisiphi i-glue esazi konke, kepha mayelana nokulungiswa esifundweni, okwamanje, bambalwa. Lokwakheka kubonakaliswa yiqiniso lokuthi akona esimweni esiqinile. Lapho yomile, into enamathela ishiywe ebusweni, efana naleyo eseScotch. Le ndlela ilungile ngoba ukuhlanganiswa okugcwele kungalahlwa kaninginingi. Kulokhu, futhi kubukeka njengokuqanjwa okunamathelayo kweScotch. Amathayili we-PVC olungiselelweni ngaphandle kobunzima, futhi ngisho nangesikhathi esiqinile (iminyaka eminingana noma iminyaka eyishumi nambili). Ngasikhathi sinye, ushintshe ukuhlanganiswa okutshalwe ngokulungiswa, ngeke kwenzeke: Ukuhanjiswa kwamuva akufakiwe. Kuyinto embi kuphela uma edonsa onqenqemeni lwethayela phezulu.
Ukufakwa, ama-PVC tile for phansi asebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile
Akunandaba noma hlobo luni lokunamathela ozolikhetha. Kubalulekile ukuthi asondele kuye egqoke izigqoko ze-PVC, futhi ayengeqi.
Ukubeka amathayili we-PVC kwi-glue
I-glue isetshenziswa ngesendlalelo esibushelelezi esisekelweni esomile nesihlanzekile eceleni komculi odonswa phansi. Ububanzi be-glue band busekwe ekufakweni kwamathayili amabili, uma isikhathi eside futhi mncane, ubude - kuze kube sekupheleni kwekamelo. Kufaka isicelo Glue, kusatshalaliswa kwi-spatula ngenyo enhle. Akufanele kube khona okufanele noma i-puddle. Kuyadingeka ukufeza ukusatshalaliswa komfaniswano. Uma, ngokwemiyalo ye-glue, udinga ukunika isikhathi soma - linda. Uma kungenjalo - ungabeka ngaso leso sikhathi.
Ungasifaka kanjani isicelo sokunamathela ngokubeka i-PVC Germ
Umugqa wokuqala ubeka ukuqondanisa onqenqemeni olulodwa ngokuqinile phezu komugqa odonswayo. Lapho usebenzisa i-glue, zama ukungalutha, ngaphandle kwalokho ungahamba. Beka i-tile yokuqala, ushintshe izandla zabo, ukukhahlela umoya ngaphansi kokuqukethwe. Sigxila onyaweni ngethayela elihlanganisiwe, faka okulandelayo, kulungiswe ngokuqinile okuhlanganisiwe. Kukhazimula ucezu lwetheyiphu epeyintiwe ngobude be-latch elinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-10. Ku-tile ebekwe le-glue cishe ingxenye, bayidonsela ngokuqinile ku-scotch. Ngakho-ke i-tile ayinalo ithuba lokuhamba. Ukusilungisa, unhlangothi, ukukhahlela umoya. Siyaphinda nalokhu okulandelayo. Lapho ubeka umugqa wesibili, usalungisa ngezinhlangothi usebenzisa imichilo emi-3 scotch.
Ukubeka i-vinyl tile phansi nge-glue
Ngokubeka imigqa emibili, sithatha ibha yokuqhuma futhi sigqoka ukuhlanganiswa okubekwe kahle. Ngakho-ke sishayela ngokuphelele umoya. Ngokusho kobuchwepheshe, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-clamping roller enesisindo esingu-50 kg, esasigoqa okusha. Ekhaya, akukhona, kufanele kuthathelwe indawo. Kunenye indlela yokuhlanganisa kahle i-linoleum tile: ngemuva kokubeka kahle ukuyibamba ngesithombe senjoloba.
Okulandelayo, imigqa emibili ibekwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-strip. Ngemuva koku-oda ukubekwa kungasayi lubaluleke kakhulu, kepha kuyinto efiselekayo kakhulu ukususa umoya kwenye yezindlela.
Lokhu kubukeka njenge-roller roller
Kungani udinga ukulungiswa nge-scotch, ngoba akuvamile ukuyisebenzisa? Ukuze i-tile ebekwe esele ayiguquki, futhi lokhu kungenzeka, ngoba isikhathi sokumiswa okuphelele kwe-glue amahora angama-72.
Ngesisekelo sokuzinamathela
Ithayili le-PVC elizinamathela elinamathela phansi futhi lifakwe. Umehluko ukuthi awudingi ukufaka i-glue. Ngaphambi kokufaka i-tile, susa ungqimba oluvikelayo, faka ithayela endaweni, bushelelezi. Yonke inqubo iyafana.
Stack on ukuzinamathela
Kulokhu, amapulangwe angeke aqoshwe yiScotch, ngoba into eseceleni efaka uhlangothi inamathele ngokwanele ukugcina ukuhlanganiswa kusuka ekushintsheni ngokushesha ngemuva kokunamathela. I-nuance ebalulekile ukucindezela amathayili kuqala ohlangothini oluseceleni, ubambe ibha kusisindo. Lapho umphetho uhleliwe, kancane kancane wehlise ukuhlanganiswa, uzama ukuhlala umoya omncane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukubeka amathayili we-PVC nge Lock
Ilokhi eVinyl Tile ingumshini futhi inamathela. Umehluko ungumgomo wokulungiswa kuphela. Imithetho esele iyafana.
Umehluko omkhulu ukubekwa kwethayela le-Lock Vinyl kuqala odongeni. Amapulangwe atholakala ukuze izingidi "zibukele" egumbini. Umugqa wokuqala ogcwele amamilimitha ambalwa odongeni - ukunxephezela ukwanda okushisayo. Leligebe lingaqinisekiswa ngokubeka ucezu lwezinto ezibonakalayo zobukhulu obufanele noma ukuthola imigoqo obukhulu kumathayili.
Kanjani ukubeka amathayili we-pvc ngelokhi yemishini
Lapho ubeka amathayili we-PVC ngokukhiya okunamathela, kufanele uqale unamahloni ukuphela, ukuhlanganisa imiphetho ye-ski. Ngemuva kwalokho baxhuma ukhiye ohlangothini olude futhi, kuphela emva kwalokho, amapulangwe asevele ehlisiwe ngokuphelele. Amaphethelo unhlangothi, ebheka ubungako bokungena kokhiye wemishini.
Le vidiyo elandelayo ikhombisa ukuthi i-PVC tile phansi lapho kukhonjiswa khona ukukhiya okwenziwe ngomshini. Imvamisa, imiyalo enezithombe iya kokuqukethwe, kepha futhi iyasiza.
Inqubo yokubeka i-vinyl tile ngokukhiya okunama-adhesive iyaboniswa kule vidiyo. Ukuxhumeka akunakwethenjwa kancane, futhi umhlangano we-coati ulula kakhulu.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ngiyabonga umama ukuthi eduze kwesiphambano se-Embroidery: Izwe lezingane ezikhululekile nezingane, imihlangano yengane, umsebenzi wengane