Ngakhale masitepe kapena njanji sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndizofunikira kwambiri ndipo muyenera kuwauza mwatsatanetsatane. Ntchito yayikulu ya zinthu izi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi otetezeka komanso omasuka a masitepe. Ganizirani za zitsulo, matabwa, galasi ndi masitepe ena a masitepe.
Zofunikira zamasitepe
Kutulutsa kuyenera kutsimikizira chitetezo cha makwerero, chifukwa chake, popanga zida izi, muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zofunikira:
- Ma racks adapangidwira koyamba, komanso pagawo lomaliza la masitepe. Apo ayi ndizosatheka. Mitundu ina yonse iyenera kuyikidwa pakati pa kutali kwambiri.
- Malinga ndi gosti, kutalika kwa mitandayo sikumachepera 900 mm ya masitepe amkati ndipo osachepera 1200 mm ya masitepe mumsewu komanso m'mabungwe a ana.
- Ndalama zikulimbikitsidwa kuti zichitike pamiyala iwiri itatha 300 mm kuchokera ku ngodya mwachindunji. Kuthamanga sikungakhale pakona, kuyambira pamenepa kuti kufooka kofunikira kumatayika.
- Step loluka sayenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kupereka chimbale chosavuta mukamayenda. Makulidwe ofunikira ndi pafupifupi 6-8 cm.
- Pamwamba pa dzanja lamanja sayenera kufesa, ngodya zakuthwa ndi zolakwika zina. Nthawi yomweyo, mukamapanga zinthu izi, sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoterera kwambiri.
- Chiwerengero cha padepe ndi njanji chimawerengeredwa kuyambira m'lifupi mwake. Masitepe opapatiza, omwe adagwirizana ndi makoma, imodzi yophimba imaloledwa, pa Spans - ma parape awiri.
- Mukamapanga zokutira ndi masitepe a nyumba ya patokha, pomwe ana aang'ono amakhala, ndibwino kukonzekeretsa mapangidwe otsika ngati dzanja lotsika, lomwe mwana angagwire bwino.
- Pofuna kuti kapangidwe kake kokhazikika, muyenera mfundo zosafunikira zitatu. Sizimaletsedwa kukhazikitsa mpanda pamiyala iwiri. Kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa chitetezo komanso kudalirika.
Mitundu yopotoza
Kutulutsa zinthu kumatha kukhala kosiyana kwathunthu - kumasiyana pakupanga, kupanga zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake. Komanso zinthu zimasiyana ndi mawonekedwe komanso othamanga. Musanapange mpanda, muyenera kuzidziwa nokha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma handrails ndikuwunika zinthu zawo, zabwino ndi zowawa.Pomanga
Mipanda imasiyana m'njira yokhazikitsa ma handrail. Othamanga amatha kukhala ofukula, opingasa kapena khoma. Komanso, kusiyana kumapezeka m'njira yokonza zokutira ku makwerero - kugawa makonda mpaka kumapeto.
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi pomwe dzanja limalumikizidwa ndi bassin yopingasa. Zili pa iye kuti dzanja limatsekera mu ntchito yamasitepe.
Kuyipa
M'masiku ano, wozunzidwa kapena wakhoma amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zinthu ngati izi ndizomasuka komanso zothandiza komanso zowoneka bwino. Kusiyana pakati pa mipando yotereyi ndi yachikhalidwe ndikuti sizidalira ngati pali ndege. Zinthuzo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito modekha.
Pokhazikitsa ntchito kapena khoma lam'munda, simuyenera kukhazikitsa ma rack ndi mabanki. Monga chinthu chodziyimira pawokha, khoma lam'munda limakhazikika pakhoma kapena kukonza pansi.
Manja amtunduwu amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosinthira komanso ngati masitepe amazungulira khoma lakunja ndipo palibe chifukwa chotetezera.
Ndi zinthu
Msika wamakono umapereka kusankha kwa ma bondo a masitepe a masitepe. Zogulitsa zimawoneka ngati zowoneka bwino chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanga. Njira inayi kapena njira ina imasankhidwa malinga ndi ndalama za ogula, mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka chipindacho, pomwe masitepe amaikidwa, komanso kutengera mtundu wa zomangamanga.
Zosankha zodziwika bwino kwambiri za njanji zopingasa:
- Matabwa;
- chitsulo;
- zopangidwa;
- galasi;
- kuchokera ku PVC;
- Konkriti.
Ganizirani zambiri zakusiyana zomwe zapangidwazo kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zabwino zakuyika kwawo ndi zina zofunika.
Nkhani pamutu: Kodi ndi ndalama ziti zomwe mungasankhe masitepe m'nyumba: Mitundu yoyang'anizana
Chitsulo
Zitsulo zimayenereradi zopangidwa ndi nyumba zofananira. Ichi ndi zinthu zamphamvu komanso zodalirika zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wophatikizana komanso wokhazikika, osalimbana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakunja. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchita zitsulo mosavuta.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya zitsulo ndi ma Centys popanga zophulika ndi zanjala:
- aluminiyamu;
- chitsulo;
- chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri;
- ponya chitsulo.
Kusankha kwa chitsulo chimodzi kapena china kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu, koma chofunikira kwambiri ndi cholinga cha malonda. Malinga ndi ukadaulo wopanga, mutha kusankha nyumba zophatikizika, zopangidwa ndi zothekera. Pomanga mipanda yakunja, yopanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito - zojambula za nickel zokhala ndi zotupa zimapezeka bwino. Yang'anani mwamphamvu mu mkati ndi zinthu wamba zachitsulo.
M'malowa akale, zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zimatha kuonedwa ngati mpanda. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu ndi kukhazikika, amatha kuphatikizidwa (mitsempha ndi matumba a kuponyedwa chitsulo, ndipo dzanja lamanja limapangidwa ndi mitengo) komanso lolimba. Nthawi zambiri kumakhala masitepe kwathunthu kuchokera ku chitsulo choponya.
Aluminiyamu ndioyenera kwambiri kupanga ma handors m'nyumba. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake, kapangidwe kake kumatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta. Zinthu ngati izi nthawi zambiri sizikhala ndi kapangidwe kake - zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga misa.
Chitsulo, mosiyana ndi aluminiyamu, ndizovuta kukonzedwa popanda kukhalapo kwa zida zapadera ndipo ndizoyenera zopangidwa ndi manja awo.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri - njira yoyenera kwambiri yopangira ma zamakono. Mutha kuwona zinthu zotere pa zinthu zilizonse zomanga. Zogulitsa ndizodziwika kwambiri, ndipo kutchuka kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino, zokongoletsa, kuthamanga kuthamanga, kuphweka kwa kukhazikitsa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa wopanga komanso kusankha njira iliyonse.
Zinthu zosapanga dzimbiri sizingakhale mitundu ingapo - zosankha zapamwamba komanso mayankho okhala chifukwa chagalasi ndi mikwingwirima. Ndikotheka kupanga zinthu zotere payekha, chifukwa mipanda iliyonse imathandizidwa ndi zinthu zina.
Ma racks, komanso ma handrail opangidwa ndi chitoliro cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zinthu zomwe zili muzopanga zimadulidwa kukula, opunduka ndi opukutidwa. Nthawi zina matekinoloje a magetsi ndi mayankho angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma kukhalapo kwa zinthu zina zowonjezera, magalasi, ma handraers, zomangira, zinthu zokongoletsedwa zimatha kungokhala mwanjira iliyonse yokha.
Kukhazikitsa kwa zinthu ngati izi sikutenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo njirayi siyovuta - okhazikitsa satha kuthana ndi izi ngakhale ndi chidziwitso chaching'ono. Zambiri zopangira zimalumikizidwa ndi ukadaulo wotcherera wa Argon-Arc. Othamanga ndi mafupa akupera ndi kupukutidwa.
Masitepe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutentha kwa kutentha komanso chinyezi chachikulu chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Balasins, komanso ma racks amapanga kuchokera ku Aisi 304 kapena 304l.
Popeza maziko a zitsulo ndi chrome mu 19%, nkhaniyi ili ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwa zitsulo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa chromium. Mitundu yamtunduwu imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'madziwe, m'misewu, pamanja.
- Zogulitsa zobwereka zimakhala ndi nyumba yobwereketsa yomwe imabwezeretsedwa mutatha makina kapena zisonkhezero.
- Zigawo sizitha kuvala chifukwa chosakhala mitundu iliyonse ya zokutira.
- Mtunduwu wakhala wolimba kwambiri komanso wolumikizidwa mosavuta ndi kuwotcherera.
- Ndi ziphuphu izi, mkati mwake tizitha kusintha kwambiri, kaya ndi kalasi kapena yapamwamba.
Kuchokera pvc.
Polyvinyl chloride ndi zinthu zotetezedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu. Imalowa gulu la a thermoplastics. Zimatulutsa zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zotulukazo. Manja a Polymer amatha kukhala ozungulira, chowonda komanso kupindika. Zogulitsa-semi zimabwera mu mawonekedwe a 6 m yayitali.
PVC Hickrail ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya utoto - iyi ndi yakuda, mahogany, thundu, wenge, paini, nati. Masitepe a masitepe ayenera kufanana ndi mtundu wa ma handrail.
Zinthuzi zimakonzedwa mosavuta ndipo ndi mtengo wabwino kwambiri. Ma sitima a PVC adapangidwa kuti akhazikitse mkati. Zinthu sizimatha kuthana ndi mavuto a dzuwa - pomwe otenthedwa apulasitiki amatha kusokonezeka.
Iyenera kusonkhana kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu izi kumapangidwa ku China. Makampani omwe amatulutsa izi sakatumizidwa ndi zojambula zokha. Chifukwa chake, malo osungiramo malo sangakhalepo nthawi zonse zomwe mukufuna. Pa mtengo wa PVC ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa chitsulo.
Nkhani pamutu: Zosankha zochitira masitepe a aluminium ndi mawonekedwe awo | + 35 Zithunzi
Pulasitiki ali ndi zabwino zambiri:
- Njira yabwino yothetsera mavuto. Zogulitsa za PVC zitha kukhazikitsidwa mkati mwa nyumba yaumwini kapena m'nyumba, komanso mumsewu.
- Chiwerengero komanso zopatsa chidwi. Masitepe omwe ali ndi njanji pulasitiki amatha kuyikidwa muomwe ali pachibwenzi komanso amakono.
- Kuthekera kwa kukonza masikono ndikuwonetsa masitepe. Polyvinyl chloride ma harrails ndi omwe amafunikira pazinthu zotere.
- Pukiti imakupatsani mwayi wopeza ma hairrals aminest. PVC imatenthedwa kutentha kwa madigiri 90, kenako pezani zomwe mukufuna.
Chathabwa
Matabwa - apamwamba pakati pa zinthu zina zonse. Koma zipewa ndizoyenera kukhazikitsa nyumba zokha. Zojambula zapadera za mtengowo zimadzaza mkati ndi chikondi chapadera ndi chitonthozo. Izi sizingapatse zitsulo ndi pulasitiki. Mosiyana ndi zigawo zitsulo, mtengowo umangokonzedwa mosavuta, kotero mutha kupanga kapangidwe kake ngakhale ndi manja anu - ngakhale osagwiritsa ntchito amatha kuthana ndi ntchito ngati izi.
Ubwino wowonjezeranso:
- Mphamvu yazogulitsa moyenera kuwerengetsa ndi ntchito yokhazikitsa ntchito.
- Kuyera kwachilengedwe kwa mtengo - masitepe okhala ndi njanjiwo kulibe zovuta zilizonse mthupi.
- Kutetezedwa kwambiri ndi kutonthoza kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mathando.
- Mtengowo uli ndi kukongola kwachilengedwe komwe sikungapezeke pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina.
- Chifukwa cha zofewa za nkhuni kuchokera pamenepo, mutha kupanga zinthu zopindika za zovuta zilizonse ndikuchita zingwe.
Mosiyana ndi zitsulo, mayankho a matabwa sanatenthedwe padzuwa, ndipo ndizosatheka kuzisunga mu chisanu. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati wachikulire mlendo, koma oyenera mabanja ndi ana.
Zopangidwa
Ambiri azolowera kuwona masitepe achitsulo ndi zida kwa iwo. Koma zitsulo zimatha kukonzedwa mosiyanasiyana. Ukadaulo wotere chifukwa Kuletsedwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga njanji ndi magwiritsidwe kumasitepe kumasitepe ndipo kumakupatsani mitundu yosangalatsa.
Zogulitsa zachitsulo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi kapangidwe kake kopanga. Kupanga kwakukulu ndikosatheka ndipo gulu la mizereyi limangopangidwa pokhapokha payekha.
Zotsiriza zosiyanasiyana zimapezeka pakusankha - kuchokera ku mipanda yopepuka kwamphamvu komanso yodalirika. Kukhazikitsa kumapangitsa chilichonse kukhala chithumwa chakale chakale ndi kufunika kwamphamvu.
Galasi
Galasi pamavuto ake ali oyenera ngati zokutira. Kuphatikiza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitetezo chagalasi ndizokwera kwambiri ngati mikhalidwe yakunja. Komabe, muchite nokha zinthu zoterezi sizigwira ntchito. Opanga ali ndi masitepe okhala ndi njanji zamagalasi okhala ndi zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi matte kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Mutha kusankha kuchokera ku mitundu itatu ya mayankho:
- Mitundu yamagalasi yamasitepe yophatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
- Galasi pamalo othamanga.
- Mipanda yamagalasi pa mbiri yamphaka.
Mu mipanda ya masitepe, mitundu ingapo yagalasi imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe ili: Great galasi 6-18 mm makulidwe ndi galasi-triplex kuchokera 8 mm ndi zina zambiri.
Komanso magalasi amatha kuwonekera kapena kumvekedwa. Mawonekedwe atha kukhala atte kapena olembedwa.
Holide
Monga maziko, zachitsulo zolimba zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kenako malonda amaphimbidwa ndi chromium pa ukadaulo wa Galvanic. Musasokoneze tsatanetsatane wa Chrome ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ngakhale maonekedwe ndi ofanana, koma kusiyana kwake ndi kwakukulu. Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri chimakhala chododometsedwa chokha, ndipo zophimba zachibale zimangofanana ndi chitsulo chakuda.
Kukonzanso kwa Chrome kuli konsekonse, kokhazikika, kosatha. Mtundu wa zokutira susintha kuyambira nthawi yayitali komanso yolimba. Ma handrails ndi oyenera kukhazikitsa nyumba kapena ofesi. Ndizotheka kupanga chinthu chilichonse.
Zambiri zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Zinthu zopukutidwa kuti ziwala kukhala ndi kapangidwe kake ndikukhala maziko a omwe amawathandiza.
Lemberani chromium mu imodzi mwanjira zotsatirazi: kusokoneza kapena electrolysis. Njira yoyamba siyabwino kuti ikhale yolumikizira nyumba, koma kuti apange zokutira kwa chithokomiro ndi electrolysis ndizotheka. Pambuyo pa njirayi, tsatanetsataneyo amakhala wonyezimira. Tikufunika zigawo zikuluzikulu - Chromium, elemalyte kuchokera ku batri ndi magetsi.
Mutha kuvotera nyumba, koma nthawi zambiri Chrome amaphimba masitepe amakono ndi zida.
Muvidiyo: Kuphatikiza Bassins ku mpanda kwa masitepe.
Kupanga mipanda yamatabwa
Kwa masitepe m'nyumba yaimwini, ndibwino kusankhira kapena kusanja mitengo, monganso momwe zingathekere kupanga ndi manja anu. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino kwambiri kotero kuti sizivuta kusankha njira yomwe imakwanira kulowa mkati. Komabe, ngati ndinu bwana wosadziwa, njira yosavuta yoyambira ndi tsatanetsatane wa mtengowo ndizachuma komanso kosavuta kupanga zinthu.Nkhani pamutu: Momwe Mungasankhire Makwerero: Zosankha ndi Upangiri wa akatswiri
Nambala 1 - Kuyika dongosolo
Kuti mupange ntchitoyi, muyenera kudziwa magawo a makwerero ndikuganizira malamulo ndi zolumikizira zomwe zatchulidwa kumayambiriro kwa nkhaniyi. Palibe china chomwe chingafunike. Pangani mpandawo silovuta kwambiri kuposa kuyika mpanda. Pansipa pali msonkhano wachitsanzo chabwino chiweto cha masitepe, omwe mungatenge maziko.
Nambala 2 - Kusankha nkhuni
Kusankha koyenera kwa mtengo ndi chitsimikizo cha kudalirika ndi kapangidwe ka chitetezo. Popanga maphwando ndi mipanda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito paini, thundu, Beech:
- Pine ndiwotsika mtengo motero wotchuka. Ndi mtengo wochepa wa magwiridwe, nkhuni izi zimakhala zokwanira. Pochiza pine, simufuna chida chapadera kapena chodula. Potengera chithandizo chamankhwala, painiyo nthawi zambiri amawoneka, koma mtengo wotere umatsindika utoto ndipo umasiyanitsidwa ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono.
- Oak adzakhala bwino. Ngati pali zida zamakina kuchokera ku thundu, mutha kupanga masitepe onse mnyumbamo. Zinthu zake zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zofunika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Minus - mtengo. Kapangidwe ka thundu kumakhala koopsa, komwe sizabwino kwambiri.
- Beech ndi malo abwino osungirako. Nthoti zoterezi zimawononga ndalama zotsika mtengo kuposa thundu, ndipo machitidwe omwe amagwira ntchito mofananamo.
State No. 3 - Balassine
Ma bansaits amatha kukhala osalala kapena voliyumu. Poyamba, mpanda umafanana ndi mpanda. Popanga, timafunikira ma billet oyenera, chojambula komanso chitsanzo chabwino.
Chojambulacho chimasamutsidwa kuntchito ndikudulira jigsaw. Okongole akukonzeka, akuchita zomaliza.
Pavidiyo: Balyasina amachita nokha kuchokera pagululo.
Makina amafunika kugwira ntchito ndi ma andewu a voliyumu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mphero zamagetsi kapena makina a CNC, kapena makina okhala ndi popirirani. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito maphwando wamba, koma pakakhala mabasi ambiri, sizothandiza.
Kupanga voltune Bassine ndi njira yovuta. Poyamba, ziyenera kubwerezedwa ku kukula kwa masitepe - kuchuluka kwa ma racks omwe ayenera kupangidwa amatengera pa Icho. Kutalika kwa malonda ndi kusiyana pakati pa kutalika kwathunthu ndi makulidwe a dzanja, makulidwe a masitepe. Nthawi zambiri, kutalika kumachokera ku 650 mpaka 1000 mm. Kenako, zikuyenera kusankha kapangidwe kake, lembani pulogalamu yamakina a CNC kapena kukoka malonda.
Gawo №4 - Kukhazikitsa kwa ma handrail
Manja ndi gawo la mpanda womwe makwerero amagwirira ntchito. Pachikhalidwe, ichi ndi mtengo wa semimarlaular kapena mbiri yolowera. Kutalika kwake kumagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe kapangidwe ka kama. Mbiriyo ikhoza kukhala iliyonse, yofunika kwambiri ndikupukuta kwathunthu kwa chinthucho.
Sanjani munthawi yamanja kungakhale m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mothandizidwa ndi matope ndi ma studio opindika pogwiritsa ntchito barary bar, pa spikes. Njira zosavuta kwambiri ndizothandiza pa thabwa lothandiza ndi ma anyani. Pankhani ya thabwa, Phiri la Phiri limachitika pa screw screp.
Bar imadulidwa ndi spike mu mawonekedwe a poyambira pansi pa nsalu yopukutira. Mbali yosalala ya bar imayikidwa pa barosters. Ndiye zomangira zaphatikizidwa. Mapulogalamuwa amalumikizidwa osati pongodzikonzera, komanso misomali - kwa omwe m'malo mwake. Kenako gawo lapamwamba la bar limathamangitsidwa ndi guluu ndi gawo lokongoletsa lakumanja limalumikizidwa ndi guluu.
Gawo. 5 - Baasine akuthamanga
Basip a Basis Arsusters pamasitepe a masitepe amathanso kukhala m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito zigawo, ma studings ndi zojambula, zomangira ndi zomata. Njira zonsezi sizimasiyana pakavuta. Nkhondo ndi magipuna ta maluwa omwe amayikidwa m'mabowo okonzekera zisanachitike pamasitepe, ndipo zinthu zolumikizidwa zimalumikizidwa. Ndizoyenera kwa mapangidwe a matabwa.
Pambuyo pochita opareshoni onse ofotokozedwa, owoneka bwino kwambiri m'nyumba kapena nyumba. Malumikizidwe onse amalimbikitsidwa kuti aphonye gululu. Kenako pambuyo pa ntchito yonse yokhazikitsa, imangogwira ntchito zokongoletsera za kapangidwe kake.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Zitsulo Zazitsulo (Zithunzi ziwiri)
Masitepe okhala ndi zowoneka bwino kwa zokoma zilizonse (zithunzi 86)
