When organizing the water supply system, the house requires not only the pump, but also the automation to ensure its work. One required devices - water pressure switch. This small device includes a pump when the pressure is dropped in the system and turns it off when the threshold is reached. The value of the on and off parameters can be adjusted. About how this device is arranged, how to connect it and how to adjust - in the article.
Purpose and device
In order for the private house in the water supply system, constant pressure was maintained, two devices are necessary - a hydroaccumulator and pressure switch. Both of these devices through the pipeline are connected to the pump - the pressure relay is found in the middle between the pump and the hydroaccumulator. Most often it is in the immediate vicinity of this container, but some models can be installed on the pump housing (even submersible). Let's figure it out in the assignment of these devices and in how the system works.
One of the pump connection schemes
The hydroaccumulator is a container separated by an elastic pear or a membrane into two halves. In one, the air is under some pressure, water is injected into the second. Water pressure in the hydroaccumulator and the amount of water, which can be downloaded there, is regulated by the amount of pumped air. The air is more, the higher the pressure is maintained in the system. But at the same time, and the water in the container can be downloaded less. Usually, it is possible to download no more than half of the volume into the container. That is, a 100 liter hydroaccumulator will get up to download no more than 40-50 liters.
For the normal operation of household appliances, a range of 1.4 atm is required - 2.8 atm. To maintain such a framework and requires pressure relay. It has two trigger limits - upper and lower. When the lower limit is reached, the relay starts the pump, it pumped water into the hydroaccumulator, in it (and in the system) increases the pressure. When the pressure in the system reaches the upper limit, the relay disables the pump.
In the diagram with the GyrDroaccumulator, for some time the water is consumed from the tank. When a sufficient number is submitted so that the pressure fell to the lower threshold, the pump will turn on. So this system works.
Pressure relay device
This device consists of two parts - electrical and hydraulic. The electrical part is a group of contacts that closes and opens including / turning off the pump. The hydraulic part is a membrane that puts pressure on the metal base and springs (large and small) with which the pressure on / off pressure can be changed.
Water pressure relay
The release of the hydraulic part is on the back of the relay. It may be a release with outdoor thread or with a nut of an American. The second option is more convenient when installing - in the first case, you need to or search an adapter with a suitable nut of a suitable size or twist the device itself, winding it on the thread, and this is not always possible.
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The inputs of the electrical part are also on the back of the case, and the terminal block itself, where the wires are connected, hidden under the lid.
Types and varieties
Water pressure relay There are two types: mechanical and electronic. Mechanical is much cheaper and preferred usually, and electronic are mostly brought to order.| Name | Pressure adjustment limit | Factory settings | Manufacturer / country | Device Class | Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RDM-5 Dzhelex | 1- 4.6 atm | 1.4 - 2.8 atm | Dzhelex / Russia | IP 44. | 13-15 $ |
| Italtecnica RM / 5G (M) 1/4 " | 1 - 5 atm | 1.4 - 2.8 atm | Italy | IP 44. | 27-30 $ |
| ITALTECNICA PT / 12 (M) | 1 - 12 atm | 5 - 7 atm | Italy | IP 44. | 27-30 $ |
| Grundfos (Condor) MDR 5-5 | 1.5 - 5 atm | 2.8 - 4.1 atm | Germany | IP 54. | 55-75 $ |
| Italtecnica PM53W 1 " | 1.5 - 5 atm | Italy | 7-11 $ | ||
| Genebre 3781 1/4 " | 1 - 4 atm | 0.4 - 2.8 atm | Spain | 7-13 $ |
The difference in prices in different stores is more than significant. Although, as usual, buying cheap specimens, there is a risk of running on the fake.
Connecting water pressure relay
The water pressure relay for the pump is connected immediately to two systems: to electricity and water supply. It is installed stationary, as it is not necessary to move the device.
Electrical part
To connect the pressure relay, the dedicated line is not required, but is desirable - more chances to work the device will be longer. From the shield should be a cable with a solid copper residential cross section of at least 2.5 square meters. mm. The installation of the bundle of the machine + Uzo or DiffAvtomat is desirable. The parameters are selected for the current and depend more on the characteristics of the pump, since the water pressure relay consumes the current very little. In the diagram, it is necessary to have a grounding - a combination of water and electricity create a zone of increased danger.
Connection diagram of water pressure switch to electrical panel
Cables are hardened in special inputs on the back of the case. Under the lid there is a terminal block. There are three pairs of contacts on it:
- Grounding - the corresponding conductors coming from the panel and from the pump are connected;
- terminals Line or "Line" - to connect phase and zero wire from the shield;
- Terminals for similar wires from the pump (usually on the block located above).
Location of terminals on the water pressure relay
Connection Standard - Conductors are cleaned with insulation, inserted into the connector, tighten with a pressed bolt. Up servers for the conductor, check whether it is secure. After 30-60 minutes, the bolts can be pulled as copper - soft material and contact can relax.
Connect to pipeline
There are different ways to connect water pressure relay to the water supply system. The most convenient option is to install a special adapter with all the required outputs - posterior fitting. The same system can be collected from other fittings, just a ready-made option is always bustling.
It is screwed into the back of the housing back, the remaining outputs are connected by a hydroaccumulator that feeds the hose from the pump and the highway, which goes to the house. You can install another mud and pressure gauge.
Example Pressure Relay Pressure
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Manometer - the right thing is to control the pressure in the system, follow the relay settings. Mud - also the desired device, but it can be installed separately on the pipeline from the pump. There is generally a whole system of filters for water purification.
With such a scheme, with a large consumption, water is supplied directly into the system - bypassing the hydroaccumulator. It begins to fill over all the cranes will be closed in the house.
Water Pressure Relay Adjustment
Consider the process of adjusting the most popular copy - RDM-5. It is released different plants. The limits of adjustments are changed, since different pressure is required in different water pipes. From the factory, this device comes out with the basic setting. Usually it is 1.4-1.5 atm - the lower threshold and 2.8-2.9 atm - the upper threshold. If you are not satisfied with some parameter, you can reconfigure it as it is required. Such a procedure is usually necessary when installing a jacuzzi: standard pressure at 2.5-2.9 atm for the necessary effect is not enough. In most other cases, reconfiguration is not required.
In the passport there is a full description
In the PDM-5 water pressure switch, there are two springs that are adjusted for a threshold / turning on the pump. These springs are different in size and appointment:
- large adjusts the limits (immediate upper and lower);
- Little changes the delta - the gap between the upper and lower boundary.
Changing parameters occurs when twisting or unscrewing nuts on the springs. If the nuts are spinning, the pressure increases, if weaken - falls. It is not necessary to twist the nuts. There is no need for one turn - this is a change of about 0.6-0.8 atm, and this is usually a lot.
How to determine the switches of the relay
The pouring threshold (and the lower pressure threshold on the water pressure relay) are associated with pressure in the air unit of the hydroaccumulator - the minimum pressure in the system must be 0.1-0.2 atm above. For example, if the pressure of 1.4 atm, the threshold of shutdown is desirable 1.6 atm. With such parameters, the tank membrane will serve longer. But so that the pump worked under normal conditions, see and not its characteristics. He also has a lower pressure threshold. So, it should not be higher than the selected value (below or equal). Based on these three parameters and select the inclusion threshold.
By the way, the pressure in the hydroaccumulator before setting should be checked - there are significant deviations from the claimed parameters. Under the removable lid (it looks like in different models and is located in different places) nipple is hidden. You can connect a pressure gauge through it (you can automobile or the one that you have) and see actual pressure. His, by the way, through the same Nipple can be corrected - to increase or lower if necessary.
Disconnection thresholds depends on the components of the system
Top threshold - turn off the pump - when adjusting is set automatically. The relay in the original state is set to some pressure difference (Delta). This difference is usually 1.4-1.6 atm. So if you set the inclusion, for example, by 1.6 atm, the trip threshold is automatically displayed in 3.0-3.2 atm (depends on the relay settings). If you need a higher pressure (raise water to the second floor, for example, or the system has many watershed points), you can enlarge the threshold to zoom. But at the same time there are limitations:
- The parameters of the relay itself. The upper limit is fixed and in household models usually does not exceed 4 atm. More to put simply will not work.
- Upper pump pressure limit. This parameter is also fixed and the pump must be disconnected by at least 0.2-0.4 atm to the declared characteristics. For example, the upper pressure threshold of 3.8 atm pump, the shutdown threshold on the water pressure relay should be no higher than 3.6 atm. But so that the pump worked for a long time and without overloading the difference is better to do more - overloads are too bad for the period of work.
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That's all the choice of water pressure relays. In practice, when setting up the system accounts for selected parameters to adjust into one direction or the other, because it is necessary to choose everything so that all the water-based points work normally, including household appliances. Therefore, it is often said that the parameters are chosen by the "Scientific Tyk" method.
Setting the water pressure relay for the pump or pumping station
To configure the system, you will need a reliable pressure gauge, whose readings can be believed. It connects to the system near the pressure relay.
The process of adjustment consists in twisting two springs: large and small. If you need to raise or lower the lower threshold (pump turning on), you turn the nut on the large spring. If you turn clockwise clockwise, the pressure rises, against - omit. Turn to a very small value - half turns or so.
Adjusting the water pressure relay occurs with springs
The sequence of action is:
- Start the system, the manometer is monitored at what pressure turned on and the pump turned off.
- Press or release a large spring.
- Include and check the parameters (at what pressure turned on, as it turned off). Both values are shifted to the same value.
- If necessary, adjust adjustments (regulate a large spring again).
- After the lower threshold is exhibited as you want to see it, proceed to adjust the threshold of the pump shutdown. To do this, pressed or lowered a small spring. The nut on it is also not particularly twist - the floor turns is usually enough.
- Reconnect the system and look at the results. If everything suits, it stops.
What else do you need to know about the adjustment of the water pressure relay? That not in all models there is an opportunity to change the delta, so you look attentively when buying. There is a pressure switch for a pump in moisture and dust-protected case. They can be put in the pit, some models can be installed directly on the pump housing, if there is such an output.
In some water pressure relays there are still idling (dry) switch, in general this device is in a separate case, but there are also combined. Safety from idling is needed so that the pump does not break if suddenly water in the well or well will not be. Some pumps have built-in protection of this type, for others separately buy and install the relay separately.