Kwizindlu zelizwe, uDachas uhlala elungiselela imigangatho yekhonkrithi emhlabeni. Zenziwa kumgangatho wokuqala wezakhiwo kunye nesiseko seribhoni. Ezo phantsi zinezibonelelo ezininzi: Ukuphunyezwa kwazo kungabizi, badale ngokulula, ke, kulula ukwenza, bomelele, bathembeke.
Ukubeka isini esikhonkxiweyo emhlabeni asifuni iziqinisekiso ezikhethekileyo kwaye zinokwenziwa ngokuzimeleyo, zijonga itekhnoloji ekhethiweyo, eya kuthi inciphise kwangaphambili uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokucwangcisa loo ntsimi, kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba umhlaba kwindawo yokuma, eyomileyo, amanzi omhlaba ayenzeka ubuncinci i-4-5 m. Umgangatho wekhonkrithi ulungele izakhiwo ezishushu okanye igumbi elingaphantsi.
Umgangatho wekhonkrithi emhlabeni ungazimela ngaphandle kolwazi olukhethekileyo lweshishini lokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela iteknoloji engqongqo.
Ukulungiselela umgangatho
Umzobo wemigangatho yomgangatho ukusuka kwikhonkrithi emhlabeni.
Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo
- Isamente, isanti, igreyiti okanye ilitye elaphukileyo;
- ukuvelisa amanzi kunye nokufunyulwa okungafunekiyo;
- Ambalu;
- Scotch;
- izibane;
- umxube wekhonkrithi;
- fibretistis;
- umthetho;
- inqanaba;
- iifosholo;
- jackemmer.
Inkqubo iyonke yokudibana ibandakanya amanyathelo aliqela:
- ukwenza uphawu lomgangatho;
- Ukulungiswa komhlaba;
- Ukubeka imiqamelo yesanti;
- Ukubeka amanzi okwenza amanzi kunye nokuchonga i-inshurensi;
- ukuqiniswa;
- Ukufakwa kwezikhokelo;
- ukwenza umsebenzi wokusebenza;
- gcwalisa;
- Umgangatho watsibela.
Ukusebenza kwenziwa kusetyenziswa isamente, isanti kunye nenkunkuma. Ukubala inani elifunekayo lezixhobo, kufuneka uphindaphinde indawo yegumbi kubungqingqwa bomaleko ngamnye wesakhiwo. Isisombululo silungisiwe, sijonga le milinganiso ilandelayo: 1 I-1 -Xements, 2-ukutshayela, 3 - irubble.
Ukuba usebenzisa umxube owathengwayo, emva koko ngenxalenye ye-1 yesamente kubalulekile ukuthatha iinxalenye ezi-6 zeRubble yeRubble ngentlabathi. I-stred yenziwa ngokuhlonitshwa komyinge: Iinxalenye ezi-3 zesanti kunye ne-1.
Ukulungiselela ivolumu enkulu yekhonkrithi ilungele ukusebenzisa umxube wekhonkrithi. Okokuqala, gcwalisa umxube kwisibini kwisithathu kwizithako, ngaphandle kokongeza amanzi, ujonga ubudlelwane obuyimfuneko. Izithako zixubekile ngokupheleleyo, emva koko amanzi ayongezwa ngaphambi kokwenziwa kokungaguquguquki. Kwixa elizayo, umxube kufuneka ulungiselele ngokugalela amanzi kuqala. Emva kokuqhubela phambili, iyunithi kufuneka igqunywe ngokupheleleyo.
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Ukugcwalisa umgangatho: Amanqanaba aphambili
Isekethe esezantsi emhlabeni kunye nokufakelwa.Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi, qalisa igumbi kumacandelo omhlaba we-1 m. Umgangatho unqweneleka ukuqala isahlulo kude emnyango. Ngekhonkrithi efanelekileyo, inkathalo ayimfuneko. Ukuba isikhuselo esidala sityhutyha okanye sifune ukuba sibe nokubekwa kwentsha ngaphezulu kwe-Old yakudala, umphezulu waphukile nge-jachammer.
Inyathelo lokuqala ekwenzeni umgangatho wekhonkrithi kukusebenza kwesiphawuli, ukumiselwa kwenqanaba le-zero ezantsi emnyango, emva koko kuchaziwe ngumjikelezo wegumbi. Kungephambi kokuba lo mgca uya kufuneka ugalele ikhonkrithi. Ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, amanqaku amanqaku kwiikona kwaye utsala intambo. Okulandelayo, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele kwaye uzuze umhlaba. Ukususa yonke inkunkuma, susa umaleko ophezulu womhlaba.
Kuba uyilo lomgangatho lujongeka ngathi yidyry pastry ene-30-35 cm, umhlaba uyasuswa de ukuphakama kwenqanaba le-zero kulingana nobungqingqwa bekhekhe. Yenza i-thumbtail ngeplastiki yokuhambahamba. Ukuba ayinjalo, thatha ilogo, yenza isiphatho ngaphezulu, kwaye ezantsi - iBhodi. Kuyimfuneko ukufezekisa ngokugqibeleleyo nesomeleleyo.
Ukwenzela ukuphucula iipropathi zokuphuma emanzini, zibeke udongwe, emva koko emva koko sisanti. Ukutshayela udongwe ngamanzi kunye necompact entle, ayizukunika amanzi omhlaba ojikelezileyo. Emva kokwenza le misebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubeke igravel nge-5 ukuya kwi-7-10 cm. Slash kwaye uceba icwecwe. Emva koko ubeke intlabathi enobungqingqwa be-10 cm. Beka ilitye elityumkileyo kwi-40-50 mm. Ukutywina umaleko okhokelela, faka isanti encinci kwaye usasaze. Zonke iindawo zokuyilwa kufuneka zirhoxise umthambo. Ke ngoko, kwinqanaba ngalinye, inqanaba liyasetyenziswa.
Ukususwa kwamanzi kunye nokuHlala
Ukuhambisa amanzi, i-polylenene isetyenziswa ngobukhulu be-200 md. Xa ibeka umda, ukukhutshwa kancinci ngaphezulu kwenqanaba le-zero. Amaphepha efilimu ayabekwa, amalungu ahlangane iGlue iGlue i-Scotch.
Inqaku lesihloko: Iindidi zomgangatho werabha
Umzobo wekhonkrithi wekhonkrithi womhlaba nge-ceramisite reamer.
Njengokufakwa kwe-thermal, izixhobo ezinje ngodongwe lwePolystyrene, i-crumples, i-basalt kunye noboya bezimbiwa kunye nabanye bunokusetyenziswa.
Emva koko, qhubeka ukuqiniswa. Yenziwa kusetyenziswa iplastiki okanye i-mesh mesh, ukuqiniswa. Isakhelo kufuneka sibe sekupheleni kwe-2-3 cm phambi kwezixhobo kunye nezakhono onokwenza isakhelo sedlelo.
Iingcali ziyacetyiswa ukuba zenze izikhokelo zokuzingca ngendlela ezihlala zenziwa kwiBhodi okanye kwiBibha. Igumbi kufuneka lihlulwe libe licandelo eligudileyo, ububanzi babo bunokuba yi-2 m. Nceda uqaphele ukuba ukuphakama kwezikhokelo kufuneka zihambelane nenqanaba le-zero. Iinxalenye zokuqala zilungisiwe ngesanti sesamente yesamente kunye nokongezwa kodongwe. Phakathi kwesikhokelo senze umsebenzi. Uhlobo lwamakhadi "amakhadi", oluye luthulelwe ngekhonkrithi, lwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzalisa umgangatho. Uyilo lwenziwa rhoqo ukusuka kwi-plywood ye-plywood. Kwimveliso yokwenza umsebenzi kunye nokufaka isikhokelo, ungakulibali ukukhangela ubuyeyona nto usebenzisa inqanaba lokufezekisa ukugcwaliswa komgangatho. Unokutsala ngokulula izikhokelo kunye nomsebenzi ovela kwikhonkrithi ukuba ubaphatha ngeoyile.
Ukuzalisa isibonda
Ukuzalisa umgangatho wenziwa kwiindlela ezi-1 okanye ezi-2. Ke ijika uyilo oluthembekileyo lwe-monolikic.
Ukulungiselela umxube, xuba izinto ezikulu hlobo lulandelayo: Inxalenye yesamente M 400-500, 2 - isanti, i-4-rubble kunye ne-0.5 yamalungu amanzi. Umgangatho wekhonkrithi. Kuya kufuneka uqale kwikona kude nomnyango. Bay back "amakhadi", i-show ihambisa umxube. Ukufumana i-shrinkani emdaka, sebenzisa i-vibrator. Kuya kunceda nokususa amaqamza okuphucula umoya.
Xa usenza ulungelelwaniso lwedrafti, ulawulo lweemitha ezi-2 lubekho kukhokelo kwaye utsale kuye. Ke ikhonkrithi eyongezelelweyo isuswe kwaye ingenanto "yamakhadi" azaliswe. Kwiindawo apho kuthatha khona i-scred, i-forwork kunye nezikhokelo ziyasuswa. Indawo engenanto iposile ikhonkrithi. Xa kanye, ulungelelanisa wonke ummandla wegumbi, gubungela umgangatho ngefilimu yeplastiki kwaye ushiye iiveki ezi-4-4. Uyilo kufuneka lube lukhuni. Ngeli xesha, umgangatho kufuneka umanzi.
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Inyathelo lokugqibela lokuvuma kukukhala komxube owenzekileyo. Oku kuyakunceda ekususeni izitenxo ezincinci, zenza indawo egudileyo. Kuya kufuneka wenze umsebenzi kwikona ekude ukusuka emnyango wegumbi. Umxube usetyenziswa ngumgaqo kwaye wolule ngaphezulu komphezulu wonke. Yiyeke iintsuku ezi-3.
Inqanaba lokugqibela liya kuba kukufakwa kwe-oing yangaphandle. Ngovelwano olufanelekileyo, umgangatho wekhonkrithi awuyi kusebenzela ishumi leminyaka, imeko engaphantsi yindawo yokugcina inkqubo yokugcwalisa ikhonkrithi.