Ingazi zifatika n'amaboko ye:? Kubara no ku nganda yo gukora?

Ingazi ni ikintu nyacyo mukubaka amazu yigenga. Itanga umusaruro mwiza hasi, arashobora kuba muburyo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, curvilinear cyangwa screw. Ku nzu, yubatswe ku giti, ingazi yimbaho ​​ikwiranye rwose, ariko, kumatafari cyangwa amatafari cyangwa guhagarika inyubako, amahitamo akozwe muri beto. Kora uburyo hanyuma usuke ibicuruzwa bifatika utabifashijwemo inzobere ntabwo bigoye uko bisa nkibisa, cyane cyane gusoma iyi ngingo.

Ibiranga

Ingazi zose zigomba kugira urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwizerwa n'umutekano. Mu kubara ba nyir'inzu, igishushanyo nkurwo cyubatswe mu kinyejana. Ariko, usibye imbaraga, aestthetics yimiterere ifite uruhare runini. Ibipimo byose byashyizwe ku cyerekana bifite isoko rya monolitte. Ibi biramba, birwanya ingaruka zose zuburyo, muri byose muri byose birenze ibiti byimbaho ​​kandi byishyamba.

Hariho kandi ibitekerezo byinshi kubishushanyo mbonera byurwego rufatika, bizatuma bishoboka kungura ibitekerezo nibisabwa.

Ibyiza n'ibibi

Niba utarafata icyemezo, birakwiye gushyiraho ingazi ya monolithique cyangwa atariyo, turagusaba gusesengura ibyiza byayo nibibi, kandi bimaze gufata imyanzuro. Bikwiye kwitabwaho bidasanzwe bigomba kwishyurwa kubijyanye nibigereranyo nkibiciro, verisiyo yerekana no kubiranga.

Inzobere zizihiza ibyiza nk'inyubako zeme:

• Ubusa. Ingazi zifatika zirashobora gushyirwaho haba munzu no kumuhanda. Urwego rw'umwuka ubushuhe ntirugira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo. Iyo ukurikiza ikoranabuhanga ryuzuye ryuzuye, rizatanga imyaka mirongo.

• Imbaraga nyinshi. Beto ntabwo igereranya nibindi bikoresho. Afite imbaraga nziza cyane kumitwaro. Ingazi ntizatwikirwa igihe. Bizanezeza no kubura amashusho iyo bimukiye.

• Imikorere yo kurwanya umuriro. Mugihe habaye ibihe byihutirwa, ingazi nkizo zinyura mubyifuzo. Kubwibyo, kurwanya umuriro ni icyubahiro kidashidikanywaho.

• Uburyo butandukanye kandi burambye. Gusa kuzuza bizemera bizakwemerera gutanga uburyo bukomeye kandi bwumwimerere. Birashoboka gukora amahitamo yose arangije: ibiti, MDF, Laminate, Ceramic Tile, Kibuye, ikirahure, nibindi.

Hamwe na plus zose zatanzwe, hari ibintu bimwe biranga ibintu bifatika bifatika bishobora kuvamo amahirwe yo kubakwa kwabo:

• Uburemere bukabije. Kubishushanyo byubu bwoko, birakenewe kugira ishingiro ryizewe no gukosorwa. Bitabaye ibyo, ntigomba gufatwa kubikoresho nkintambwe nkiyi.

• Amafaranga menshi. Kubaka monolith iyo ari yo yose ni inzira nyinshi zisaba imbaraga z'umubiri no kwihangana.

• Gushiraho. Iyo ukorana no gushimangira no gutunga imvange, bizagorana guhangana na beto, nibyiza rero gutumira abafasha babiri.

• Harangire. Beto nyuma yuzura igomba guhagarara byibura ibyumweru bine. Guhita ukoreshe ingazi.

Benshi bizera ko ibicuruzwa bifatika bifite isura igoye. Ibicungwe nkibi ntibihagije, nkuko kurangiza neza bizahindura igishushanyo mubikorwa byubuhanzi.

Kwishura

Ntugomba kwizera ko ingamba zifatika zishobora kubakwa "ku maso." Kutagenda neza bizagabanya cyane ibyiza byose byashushanyije kandi bikagutera umutekano. Ni ngombwa gufata itegeko ko kubaka iyo ari yo yose bigomba gukorwa hakurikijwe amahame yemewe kandi hashingiwe ku buhanga. Inzira nziza yo gutuza zikina imwe mu nshingano zingenzi.

Igenamiterere nyamukuru

Gutangira, urubuga rusobanurwa rusobanurwa. Agace kagenewe igikoresho cyo kuzamuka kugeza hasi bizagira ingaruka ku bunini bwayo. Ndetse no murwego rwo gukora umushinga winzu, kwitabwaho bidasanzwe bigomba kwishyurwa guhitamo ingazi.

Ibipimo bigerwaho:

• Uburebure bw'ingazi;
• Igishushanyo mbonera hasi;
• Ubugari bw'igihunyira;
• Ubujyakuzimu;
• Uburebure bwa Riser.

Witondere kubara ibipimo byiki gice hejuru yintambwe. Intera kuva murwego urwo arirwo rwose kugeza hejuru yo hejuru ntigomba kuba munsi ugereranije no gukura kwabantu.

Ibipimo byingenzi byo kubara

Ihanamye

Kubikoresho byurwego mubuzima, inguni yimpenga igomba kuba nziza. Rebako abana bato bazayikoresha, n'abasaza. Gufata ibikoresho byo kwimuka byoroshye biratandukanye muri dogere 30-45. Ibipimo byanyuma ni ngombwa. Inguni Nziza yo kuntambwe munzu yigenga ni dogere 40.

Uburebure bw'intambwe

Uburebure bwintambwe igena agace kagabanijwe kubikoresho byayo. Irabarwa ukoresheje formula ya geometrike - TheThagoreo Theorem. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba gupima ibipimo nkintera kuva hasi kugeza hejuru kugirango uhindure igorofa ya kabiri hamwe na projection yuburebure bwibishushanyo mbonera. Iyi ndangagaciro zombi zifatwa nkimigenzo ya mpandeshatu, uburebure bwintambwe ni hypotenguse. Kubara, birakenewe kuzinga kare yumubare wabonetse, hanyuma ukureho imizi ya kare.

Ingingo kuri iyo ngingo: Amahitamo nyamukuru yo gucana ingazi munzu no guhitamo ibipimo ngenderwaho (+58)

Kubara Pythagore Theorem Yoroshye: L = √ (D² + H²)

Kubara umubare wintambwe

Umuvuduko wihuta nabo witondere cyane. Gutangira, menya umubare wintambwe zivugwa. Muri uru rubanza, projection yibicuruzwa bifatika hasi bigabanijwe mubugari bwinkoni kandi wakira umubare wintambwe. Nkuko imyitozo yerekana, ibisubizo ntabwo ari integer. Ibikurikira, hindura - santimetero yinyongera yongewe ku ntambwe yambere cyangwa yanyuma.

Kwirukana kwimuka kumugabo mumyazi ya beto nigihe batangiye kandi barangije ukuguru kumwe. Kubwibyo, umubare wintambwe nibyiza gukora bidasanzwe.

Formulaire yo kubara

Ubugari n'uburebure

Ibipimo byerekana byerekana ihumure ryibijyanye nabantu. Uburebure bugomba kuba bumeze ko budakenewe kurera ukuguru hejuru, kandi ubugari bugomba guhuza ingano yikirenge. Ibi bihe byose birasesengurwa kandi bigaragazwa mu nyandiko zigenga.

Ibipimo byiza byintambwe birasuzumwa: Ubugari - Cm 20-30, uburebure - uburebure - cm 16-19.

Ibipimo byintambwe hakurikijwe ibipimo

Kuri videwo: Ubwoko bwa beto, ibipimo byintambwe no kubara urugendo rworoshye.

Gukora ingazi ya sonolitte

Gusuka inyama zifatika hamwe namaboko yawe, ugomba gukora ibishoboka. Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe cyane inzira, turagaragaza intambwe ku yindi tariki yo kubaka urwego rw'iminsi ibiri hamwe n'inguni yo kuzunguruka 90 na platifomu.

Igikorwa cyo Kwitegura (ETCHING Y'IMBERA: Tangira)

Nyuma yo kubara nibisobanuro byubwoko bwashushanyije, imiterere yometse. Urugero rwintambwe ya beto yashyizwe mu mfuruka yicyumba kurukuta. Muri iki gihe, ibirango biranga ibirango byakoreshejwe kugirango utangire. Umurongo wo hasi uhura no gushyira aho ushyira. Tangira kubaka imiterere.

Inteko ikorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza akurikira:

1. Ibiti byashizwemo. Igishushanyo mbonera cyose kizaba kibashingiye kuri bo, nuko bagomba kuba 50 × 150 mm. Ibice byanyuma byibiti byaciwe munsi yinguni wifuza. Uburebure bwibisobanuro bigomba guhuza nubunini bwimisozi yo hepfo yintambwe kurubuga rwayo. Gushiraho igitambaro kurukuta birakenewe munsi yumurongo washyizwe kumurongo wurugero rwa plywood (hafi mm hafi 15). Gufunga igiti nibyiza gukora hakoreshejwe gusaza kuri beto ifite uburebure bwa mm 150.

2. Shyiramo inkunga munsi yicyobwe. Birakenewe kubishyira mu kwiyongera kwa 0.5. Umwe muribo ni rusange munsi ya beam na padi. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kuyishiraho hamwe no gutandukanya ubugari bwinama. Inkunga igomba gutema neza: Uruhande rumwe rugikoreshwa kuruhande rwiburyo, naho icya kabiri gihuye ninguni yintambwe. Uburebure bwa buri nkunga buhuye nintera kuva hasi kugeza kuri beam ahantu hazashyirwaho. Impera yo hejuru yinjizaga igikoma no kwishushanya, yavumwe ahabigenewe.

3. Gutangira kubikoresho byo gushiraho ibikoresho. Kugirango ukore ibi, urumuri rwa kabiri rwashyizweho rusa nkuwafatanije nurukuta. Kugirango ugere kuri iki gikorwa, umurongo wometse ahantu hamwe ahantu hamwe. Bizabera inkunga kumuhanda wa transsersers. Incandare yashyizweho muri 30 yiyongera. Intego yabo ni ugufata ikibabi cya osp hamwe na beto.

4. Kuva mu biti kora ikadiri yinyuguti p nishingiro ryintambwe. Ibisobanuro bibiri bifatanye kurukuta, naho icya gatatu kugeza ku iherezo ryibiti. Inkunga ishyirwaho munsi yacyo kandi itanura ryubusa - uruhande rwinyuma rwimiterere. Kugirango habeho ibice byahinduwe mugihe cyuzuye mugihe cyuzuye, bakeneye gukosorwa hamwe ninama ihuriweho kuruhande rwa etage.

5. Abasimbuka bashyizwe munsi ya PSL kurubuga. Kugirango uburemere bwa beto, ntabwo bwarushijeho kuba beza, nibyiza kubaka inkunga kuri buri gusimbuka. Bose bafitanye isano ninama yubutaka.

6. Gutsimbarara. Kubwibi, ibice bya osp bikata ibice ukurikije ibipimo nyabyo byerekanwe kuri gahunda yintambwe. Ibice bishyizwe ku musaraba kandi bigenwa no kwizirikana mm 55 kuri cm 20. Nyuma yibyo, ntibikwiye kugaburirwa mu buremere burenze.

Ingingo ku ngingo: Ibiranga icyumba cyo kubaho hamwe nintambwe nigitekerezo cyibitekerezo | +76 ifoto

7. Kwishyiriraho no kugenda kwa kabiri. Ubutaka buva kuri OSP, igice cyo hepfo kirimo guhuzwa ninkomoko. Uburebure buhuye nubwinshi bwa monolith. Muri ubwo buryo, urugendo rwa kabiri rw'ingazi zirashyirwa.

Gushimangira

Ingingo y'ingenzi mugushiraho urwego rwa beto ni gushimangira. Gusa muri ubu buryo bizashoboka kugera ku mbaraga n inshingano za ngombwa.

Ibyifuzo byo gushimangira

Gushimangira igishushanyo gikorwa binyuze mu gushimangira. Ntabwo ari ngombwa gukabya ibintu hamwe nicyuma. Ibi ntibigira ingaruka kurwego rwimbaraga, kandi uburemere bwintambwe yiyongera cyane. Ni muri urwo rwego, ni ngombwa kuyoborwa n'ibipimo bivuga ko agace kwose ka ngombwa ko gushimangira bigomba kuba 0.25% by'igice cyambukiranya igice. Kumenya ibipimo byose, ntabwo bigoye gukora kubara bikwiye.

Kubara umubare ntarengwa winkoni zimbaraga ndende yintambwe

Tangira Kubisobanura Ibipimo byibanze:

• ubugari;
• isahani;
• Igice cyambukiranya igice cyo gushimangira.

Diameter yo gushimangira igenwa nibipimo byintambwe. Kugera kuri 3 m ikoreshwa ninkoni ifite diameter ya mm 10, na hejuru - mm 12. Ku miterere, fittings yatoranijwe gusa.

Igituba gikeneye gushyirwaho intera hagati yabo muri mm 250-300. Ibi nibipimo byibuze. Bitabaye ibyo, selile nto izarinda isaranganya rimwe. Imbere mu bibaho, umurongo ushyirwa kugirango hashyirwe urujya n'uruza (no hejuru, kandi hepfo) yari mu ntera ya cm 2-5.

Kubara umubare ntarengwa winkoni ndende, urashobora gukoresha kubara kumurongo. Hamwe nubufasha bwabo bukora ibibara byinshi. Kurugero, ku ngazi za mm 800 z'ubugari n'ubugari bwa mm 150, ukoresheje inkoni hamwe nigice cyambukiranya cya mm 10, bizatwara byibuze inkoni 4 zifunze.

Urugero rwo gushimangira urwego rwa beto [intambwe ku ntambwe]

Gushimangira n'amaboko yawe bisaba gutoranya ibintu neza hamwe no kurangiza kubara. Nanone ikora inkoni nziza yinkoni. Muri iki kibazo, umurongo uzakorwa ninsinga zidasanzwe.

Inzira yo gushimangira ni:

1. Kuruhande rwibiryo hari inkoni 4 hamwe nigice cyambukiranya diametrical ya mm 10 muri iri teka: Ku mpande za None imwe kuri cm 7 uhereye kuri cm 7 uhereye kuri bo. Intambwe hagati yinkoko yazimye mm 220.

2. Munsi yinkoni birakenewe gutanga inkunga zagira uruhare aho ikadiri iri muri monolith. Ba shebuja bava muriyi myanya muburyo butandukanye. Ariko nibyiza kugura polymer idasanzwe.

3. Guhindukira kurubuga, utubari twunama, kandi impera ziba ku mwobo wateguwe murukuta. Akenshi, ba shebuja ni amashami yose kurukuta.

4. Ibikurikira, kwishyiriraho inka zahinduwe. Baherereye kugirango gride yavuyemo yahindutse. Guhuza ahantu hagabanijwe guhuza no guhindura imikoreshereze yo gushimangira bikorwa no kuboha insinga.

5. Ibikurikira, inzira irasubirwamo kuri Werurwe yo hejuru. Kugirango ukore ibi, usonerwa mbere impera yinkoni kuva hejuru kandi igahira kugirango bakemerwa kurwego rwo hejuru. Ibindi bikorwa ntabwo bitandukaniye nibyari byo hasi.

Kuri videwo: Ikadiri yintambwe monolithic.

Kurangiza gushiraho (kwishyiriraho ibice)

Nyuma yo gushimangira, byarafashwe kumikorere yanyuma yibikoresho byo gushiraho - kwishyiriraho ibice, nyuma yo kuzuza, beto bizahinduka ishingiro ryabo.

Akazi ni ibi bikurikira:

1. Gutangira, imbaho ​​izacibwa, izakorera ibice ku ntambwe. Ingano yintebe ihuye neza nuburebure bwuruzibe nubugari bwijene.

2. Noneho ibindi bisobanuro bitatu byateguwe kuva kuri 50 × 150: Igice cyerekanwe kingana nubunini bwa panel, hamwe nibice bibiri bya 100 × 150 kugirango bifatanye gusimbuka kurwego.

3. Umusozi wa Jumper urashobora gutangirana numwanya uwo ariwo wose - kuva hejuru cyangwa hepfo. Ku buryo bwo gushiraho kumurongo, Marking ikoreshwa mugukuraho imihanda.

4. Ubwa mbere, imbaho ​​zifite ibice zirahujwe, hanyuma kumpande. Imbere yashyize gusimbuka. Nyuma yo kwinjiza buri gice, ugomba gutekereza witonze ibipimo, shyiramo ibinyabiziga.

Mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho imiterere, hamwe nawe, ugomba kugira ifuro. Ni hafi yibyumba bivamo kugirango bifatika bidatemba.

Gusuka ingazi

Nyuma yo gushiraho imiterere, jya kuri beto. Kuri iki cyiciro cyakazi, birakenewe kandi kubyubahiriza ikoranabuhanga.

Ingingo ku ngingo: Ubwoko bw'intambwe igana hasi: Hitamo uburyo bukwiye munzu yigenga (+65)

Kuzuza inama zo guceceka

Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga uburyo bwuzuye na beto nuko igomba gukorwa mubyakiriwe kimwe. Muri iki kibazo, nta tandukaniro, ingazi nto cyangwa nini. Bitabaye ibyo, Monolith yimiterere irahungabana kandi kwizerwa nimbaraga zayo ziragabanuka. Kubwibyo, bigomba guhangayikishwa no gukora ibisabwa kugirango dukore vuba cyangwa gutumiza beto biteguye.

Ku bijyanye no gukora igisubizo n'amaboko yabo, twiyemeje ibigize. Nibyiza gukoresha ikirango cya beto m-300 cyangwa m-250. Kuri ibyo bihimbano, sima, Ibuye rijanjagurwa bifite igipimo gikurikira: M-250 - 1: 2.1: 3.9 na m-300 - 1: 1.9: 3.7.

Ifite akamaro kandi igabanya imyanda - 25-30 mm. Ibikoresho binini ntibizashobora kuzuza umwanya munsi yumukandara ushimangira.

Naho igipimo cyamazi na sima, bigomba kuba bito kurenza uko bisanzwe. Ni ngombwa kwemeza ko beto ari plastike kandi nta mbaraga zitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Abahanga basaba kongeramo plastizi kuri bigurishwa cyane mububiko bwubwubatsi.

Kubara ingano yumuti [+ urugero]

Kubara umubare wibisubizo bikenewe byoroshye. Tugomba kongera kwibuka amasomo ya geometry. Muri iki kibazo, ugomba kumenya ingano ya plegiteri. Nuburyo bwabo, ingazi irashobora kuba hafi yurukiramende rubangikanye. Kubara, ingano iragwiriye nuburebure bwubugari nubwinshi bw'isahani. Igisubizo cyavuyemo Ongeraho ububiko bwa 10%. Kumenya amajwi, ingano yibikoresho byinshi birashobora kubarwa ukoresheje Kubara kumurongo.

Ukeneye kwinjiza gusa ibipimo runaka mumirima. Kurugero, ingazi ihuye nibipimo nkibi:

• WERURWE Ubugari - 0.8 M;
• Uburebure bw'amezi 2.5;
• Icyapa Byera - 0.15 m;
• Uburebure bw'intambwe - 0,2 m:
• Ubugari bwo gukomera ni m 0.25;
• Umubare w'intambwe - 9;
• Uburebure bwimbuga zerekanwa - 0.6.

Kubara kumurongo bizatanga ibisubizo bikurikira: Ugomba gutumiza 0.61 m3 yamaze kurwanira 10%. Kubijyanye no gukora kwigenga kubisubizo, kg 160 ya sima m-400 irakenewe; 310 kg yumucanga (0.19 m3), kg 600 ya rubble (0.41 m3).

Icyiciro cyuzuye ingazi ya beto [intambwe ku ntambwe]

Imiterere yiteguye, ibikoresho byo guhimba beto byaguzwe, igihe gifatika kirageze. Suka ingazi ukurikije iyi gahunda:

1. Sukura rwose igishushanyo mvuye mu mukungugu no mu myanda ishobora kugerayo mugihe cyo kubaka uburyo, biroroshye gukora isuku ya vacuum. Mixerte ivanze nibyiza kwakira ahantu hitowe igishushanyo, kugirango utambara igisubizo kiremereye.

2. Tangira Tito. Uzuza kimwe cya kabiri cyamazi hamwe na plastizer, shyiramo imvange ya beto. Noneho ongeraho igice kimwe cyimvugo, bizakwemerera kubyutsa kimwe kandi bitandukanijwe nurukuta ruvanze. Ibi bikurikiranye sima n'umucanga, no kurangiza ibisigazwa by'amatongo n'amazi.

3. Uzuza ingazi kuva murwego rwo hasi, hanyuma uzunguruke buhoro buhoro. Nyuma ya beto izunguruka mubikorwa, birakenewe guhita biyirimo hamwe nigice cya fithings cyangwa igicucu. Ibi bizafasha gukwirakwiza imvange no kwirukana umwuka urenze.

4. Ibisubizo bizaba byiza cyane niba ukoresheje umunyembaraga udasanzwe kuri beto. Ugomba kugerageza kutababaza inyeshyamba. Ibikurikira, ubuso bwinjijwe na Trowel, beto yinyongera yakuweho kandi yuzuye.

5. Nyuma ya beto yataye imbaraga wifuza, muminsi mike, bitewe nubushyuhe bwicyumba, imiterere irasenyuka, hanyuma isenyutse imashini yo gusya hamwe na standle idasanzwe.

Kurangiza amahitamo

Kugirango ukoreshe urwego rwa beto, biratekerezwa hanze. Kuri ibi hari amahitamo menshi. Birasa neza ni igiti, nicyo cyoroshye kandi gihuye neza nimbere. Igiti gishobora gutandukana intambwe, balustrade, intoki. Urashobora guhuza na Nickel-pomer kandi ibikorerwa ahantu hazitirwa.

Nanone gukoresha ibikoresho nkibi nkibibuye, ikirahure na plastiki. Ihitamo rishoboka - risa n'amabati ya ceramic.

Gutangira ibyaremwe byintambwe ya beto yigenga, birakenewe kumara kwitegura byimazeyo, cyane cyane abatangiye. Kubara neza, gushushanya igishushanyo nyacyo, kubahiriza ikoranabuhanga - urufunguzo rw'intsinzi y'ibizaza mu kubaka. Ibyifuzo byose bikenewe bitangwa muriyi ngingo. Mugihe kubura uburambe, nibyiza gutangirana nintambwe nto hanze yinzu, kurugero, kora intambwe ku rubaraza.

Ibyifuzo byinzobere (1 Video)

Ingazi zitandukanye zishimangirwa (amafoto 54)