Isithombe
Yini ama-rafters? Lolu uhlelo lokuphahla lweScope oluqukethe imishayo ethambekele, ama-racks mpo nama-pods. Isibalo esivamile sejometri sokwakha esinikeza ukuqina okuphezulu ngunxantathu. Ngohlobo, le miklamo ihlukaniswe nge-hangeng kanye nolions. Zombili zombili izinzuzo nokubi.
Idivaysi yohlelo lwe-rafter.
Okwamanje nokulengiswa
Ama-slot rafters.
Izici ze-rafted zisuselwa ezindongeni zesakhiwo, kanye nengxenye ephakathi - ekugxotsheni kwenani eliphakathi nendawo, okuyilo, elibandakanya ukwakheka kwendlu ngodonga oluphakathi, noma kufanelekile ezinsikeni e-attic.
Amabele afanayo avunyelwe ukufaka emakhaya abo, lapho amakamelo e-attic awedluli ububanzi baka-6.5 m. Kanye nezinsizakalo ezengeziwe zizonika amandla. I-Plus yalolu hlobo yinto elula yokwakha.
Ukulengiswa kwama-rafters.
Ama-hanger kanye nama-sleeve rafters.
Ukuphela kwama-rafters kususelwa ku-mauerlat - into yokusekela eyenziwe eduze komngcele. Kule ndima, umqhele ongenhla wendlu, eyenziwe ngezihlahla noma izingodo. Kungenziwa kuwo wonke umngcele ekhaya noma ngaphansi kwe-rafyed. Uma indlu yakhelwe izitini, khona-ke ibha yokusekelwa kumele ifihlwe yiBrick Masonry. Phakathi kokuqukethwe okubili kubekwa ungqimba lokufaka amanzi manzi, namuhla kusethi enhle.
Idizayini ye-Hanging Rafters kufanele yenzelwe izakhiwo ezikhanyayo, "ngemilenze", ukucindezelwa, "ingabhidliza" izindonga. Ama-rafter kuleli cala angaphansi kokugculiswa kusuka ngezansi, ebeka umklamo wensimbi noma ngokhuni. Uma uhlaka lutholakala ngaphezulu kwesisekelo, kufanele luthembeke ngokwengeziwe.
Uma kungaphezulu kuka-8 m kufanele kwenziwe, khona-ke i-rack enepinki ibekwe ekwakhiweni. Lokhu kanye nenzuzo yabo eyinhloko yikhono lokuqoqa ibanga elikhulu le-span.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Ungahlobisa kanjani itafula lokuzalwa: imibono ekhanyayo yeholide (izithombe ezingama-38)
Ukuze uqoqe iziphetho eziphezulu zokwakhiwa kwe-rafting, ukugijima kwe-skated kwenziwa. Kuyadingeka kudivayisi yanoma yiluphi uphahla, okubandakanya inketho ebabazekayo.
Ukuthola ukubalwa komthwalo wezinsimbi
Ukubala kahle ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokufakwa kokufakwa, bese kulungiswa ophahleni, amakhosi kufanele athole izici eziningi ezahlukene umsebenzi owedlule. Okusemqoka kuzoba yisinqumo semithwalo yesikhashana nehlala njalo ohlelweni lwasollo.
Ezimfanelweni zesikhashana:
Ama-subspecies we-hanger and sputum rafter.
- ukulungisa uphahla nokuphuma kwabantu;
- Uphahla, ukuhlanza iqhwa, ama-chimneys, njll;
- Izimo zezulu: Ukunambitheka, ukungazinzi kwesifukuco, umoya.
Imithwalo eqhubekayo ifaka phakathi ingxenye yendlu kanye nophahla ophahleni lonke. AbakwaWizards noma abaklami bephrojekthi ejwayelekile yendlu ngeke bakhohlwe ukubheka izimo zesimo sezulu esifundeni, futhi, bathembela kuzo, bazokhetha uhlobo lophahla futhi, ngokufanele, ukwakhiwa kwe-rafter. Lokhu kunamatafula akhethekile lapho kuzotholakala khona i- "formula" yekhambi elifanele.
Ukubalwa kwezinto zokwenyusa uhlelo lwe-rafter
Isigaba esiseduze sezinto zokhuni zesiqhingi sophahla kufanele zifakwe ngaphansi kobukhulu obulandelayo:
- I-Mauerlat - ibha kusuka ku-100 * 150 mm;
- Endov kanye ne-diagonal - 100 * 200 mm;
- ukuqinisa imishayo - 50 * 150 mm;
- Ama-racks, i-rigl - kusuka ku-100 * 200 mm;
- Amabhodi ayindilinga - 25 mm.
Uhlu lokungaphelele, imininingwane emboza kakhudlwana ingatholakala kumaphasiphothi wezakhiwo ezihlosiwe futhi, ngokuya ngoDisidi ophahleni lwephrojekthi ngayinye.
Izenzo ezidingekayo ezenziwa ngaphambi kokufakwa kohlelo lweRafter zifaka okulandelayo:
Umthwalo ku-rafyed.
- Yonke imidwebo yezinkuni iyacutshungulwa ngohlobo lwemboni yamakhemikhali kusuka ekulakeni, isikhunta, ukhunta nezinambuzane.
- Izingxenye ngokuxhumana ngqo ne-Brick Masonry noma amabhulokhi kakhonkolo kufanele afakwe ngaphansi kwenqubo noma ekuhlolweni okuhlukile kwamanzi.
- Onke ama-fasteners kufanele acutshungulwe yizingoma zokulwa nokugqwala noma osuvele ube njalo esiteji sokuthenga.
- Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwama-rafter, ukuwela ku-chimney noma umoya omncane, kufanele kugotshwe emaphethelweni. Indawo yalezi zingcezu isetha ama-struts wesigaba esifanayo sesiphambano.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Isiphambano se-Embroidery 2019: Okusha namasu, amasethi nezimpawu, amavidiyo wamahhala nezithombe, ubukeli be-Juni kanye nokulanda
Amathuluzi adingekayo nezinto zokwakha
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:- empeleni izingodo zokwakha;
- izembe;
- wabona ugesi;
- indiza;
- intambo noma intambo;
- ama-anchor bolts;
- izingodo, ziloliwe ezinhlangothini zombili;
- Izikulufo zokuzishaya noma izipikili. Sizodingeka kuphela ukuze sibambe imichilo. Okwe-Fake Capers, azifanele.
Ukugibela umqulu: izincomo
Ukuhlelwa kophahla kungahamba nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuningi, kepha umnyombo wohlelo lwe-rafter lunye - ukuhlela iziphetho ku-perimeter futhi wenze uhlaka olufanele.
Ngemuva kwayo yonke imicabango enezinto zokhuni, hlola isisekelo sophahla sokuvikelwa kumswakama. Uma kunesidingo, umqhele wesibili wesendlalelo sesibili seRubbeoid noma esinye insulator. Noma ngabe iMauerlat ikhohliswa yi-Bituminious mastic futhi inamathisela ezindongeni ngokusebenzisa ama-anchors ensimbi.
Ukuqinisa amakhefu wesikimu.
Ukuphela kwe-skunk run, okuhambisana nephrojekthi yophahla, kufanele kuhlukanise ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-rafter ngesigamu. Kamuva, lapho ukuhlanganiswa kophahla kuzolunga, ukugijima kuzoba uphawu oluthile lokufaka i-skate.
Emva kwalokho, ukufakwa kwama-rafters kusuka emaphethelweni kuqala, okukhona, emaphethelweni ahlukile wendlu. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukufana kobuso bebha usebenzisa intambo elula. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, singakhuluma ngokuphulwa kobuchwepheshe bokwakhiwa kwezindonga. Ukugibela emaphethelweni e-bar kwenza ngokuqinile ukuze kusondelene ne-mauerlat kanye ne-skate Bruus ephelele. Ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa ukwethenjwa kokunamathiselwe, ungaphendukela osizweni lwamapuleti ensimbi noma amakhona.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuqiniseka ukuthi imilenze eyedlulele yanelisa isidingo, ama-rafter aphakathi afakiwe, futhi ahlolwe ubukhona bokungafani.
E-Mauerlat, uhlelo lwe-rafter lukhangwa yi-twist kusuka ocingweni ngesigaba esingu-6 mm.
Isigaba Khetha Ithebula semilenze ye-rafting.
Kwenziwa ngokuqinile impela, ngoba ukungafani kwe-mauerlat akuvunyelwe. I-clamp yenziwa ngamakhona noma amapuleti.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Idizayini yethoyilethi enamathiselwe ngephepha lodonga
Isinyathelo sokufaka se-rafter sinqunywa ngobude bezinto zokhuni - umkhulu futhi mude ibha, kukhulu igxathu. Isibonelo, ngokwephuka kwe-100 * 250 mm, ibanga elingama-2150 mm ukusuka endaweni ethile eseduze lizodingeka.
Ukugoba nokucindezelwa ekwakhiweni akunakugwenywa, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kokubopha okuqinile okudingayo ukwenza uhlaka. Kwenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo, ngezansi noma e-skate run. Lapho kunokwethenjelwa kakhulu kukhona ukugibela, amathuba amancane okuwa ahlukane. Kuzoba okungathandeki ikakhulukazi lapho indlu izovele iba yindawo yokuhlala. By the way, ukudonsa okuqinile, okwenziwe ngama-bolts, okwenziwe ngama-bolts, kungasebenza njengokudlula okwengeziwe kokuhlelwa kwegumbi le-attic.
Izinhlobo zezinhlelo ze-rafter.
Futhi, ubuchwepheshe bokufakwa kohlelo lwe-rafter lubandakanya impi evundlile - bathutha ibha ngokulinganayo ngokuhambisana ne-mauerlat. Le nto isebenza ngokuvela kwemithwalo ophahleni - iqhwa, kanye nezinto ezingashiwongo ngokuthumela isisekelo, i.e. Inguqulo yezimo eziphuthumayo.
Inqubo yokufaka uhlelo lwe-rafter ingasheshiswa uma amapulazi kufanele yenziwe ngaphambi kophahla. Kepha amakhosi kuphela abhekene nokwakhiwa kophahla akusikho okokuqala angakwazi ukukhokhela ubuchwepheshe obunjalo.
Ama-Rafters: Ukufingqa
Akufanelekile ukushesha ukwenza uhlelo lwama-rafter ngezandla zami - konke kufanele kuguqulwe ngokucophelela, ngoba uphahla luyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yendlu. Sidinga umsebenzi omningi ekubalweni namafomula ahlobene nokuqukethwe kwama-rafters. Uma kuthatha le nselelo, akufanele ulinde ukuqina ekhaya lakho.
Futhi kusuka ekushintsheni uma kwenzeka kufakwe okungaphumelelanga kophahla futhi kungahamba nakancane. Nangokoqobo, nangomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ngakho-ke, uma i-Master ikwazi ukwenza i-gazebo elula, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-rafter kuzoba ehlombe lakhe, kepha hhayi onkulunkulu bamabhodwe ashise - kufanelekile ukuzama.
