Ukuze ukwanda kophahla kuthembeke, ukuba khona kohlelo oluhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu lwe-rafter, okuyinto yophahla olusekelayo. Ukuqinisekiswa kwamakhompiyutha ezinto ngazinye kuthinta ukuphepha kophahla nezimpawu zalo. Imfuneko yophahla oluqinile yintaba efanelekile ye-mauerlat. Uma wenza amaphutha lapho wakhe uhlelo lwe-rafter, khona-ke konke konke kungaholela ekubhujisweni kokuqala kophahla lwendlu. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imithetho nezidingo ze-snip, ezilawula ukuhlelwa kophahla.
Izindawo ezikhuphukayo zohlelo lwe-rafter.
Yini Mauerlat
I-Mauerlat yiyisisekelo esibizwa ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kophahla. Konke ngoba akuvumelanga ngokuthembekile nje ukulungisa ama-rafters, kepha futhi ukusabalalisa isisindo salo lonke isakhiwo esiseduze kwesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ukunamathiselwa kwe-rafter kungenziwa ngosizo lwezindlela ezahlukahlukene, kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe engqondweni yokuthi kukhona i-skew ye-ebekwe.
Izinhlobo zokubopha izimbotshana eMauerlat.
IMaurerlalat ifakwe ngqo ngaphansi kwe-waped. Lokhu kusebenzisa noma ikhabethe le-log noma i-log. Ngakho-ke, ama-rafters e-mauerlat avumela ukusabalalisa kahle umthwalo ngaphezulu kwezindonga zendlu. Sekukonke, okunamathiselwe kwe-mauerlat edonswe ku-mauerlat kwenza imisebenzi emi-2 eyinhloko: phrintanisa nezinto zesikhashana nezingapheli. Okwesikhashana kufaka phakathi ukusazisa izifungo, futhi njalo - ingcindezi engapheli yesisindo sokwakhiwa kophahla ngokusekelwa.
Ukuze kuthathwe ama-rafter asezingeni eliphakeme, kuyadingeka ukuthola izindawo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Zonke imabula kufanele zicace bha futhi zivalwe ngokuqinile komunye nomunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-substrates ahlukahlukene kanye nokufakwa ngaphakathi. Konke lokhu kwephula umhlangano wokunamathisela eMauerlat. Imininingwane enjalo ingakhubazeka futhi iwele ekwakhiweni okuphelele ngenxa yemithwalo emikhulu. Yonke imigwaqo ekhuphuka eMauerlat yenziwa kuphela kusetshenziswa amapuleti ensimbi kuphela, kubakaki, izipikili kanye nama-bolts. Nge-BOLTS namantongomane, ukuba khona kwamawashi kuyadingeka. Izici ezinjalo zizovumela amantongomane angazange anciphise izinkuni zama-rafter kanye ne-mauerlat.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Yini ongayikhetha i-Bedroom Vinyl Wallpaper
Imithetho yokuqinisa izingodo
I-Mountal Diagram Maurolalat eya odongeni lwamabhulokhi.
Kunemithetho embalwa eyisisekelo, ebaluleke kakhulu yokubopha ama-rafters eMauerlat, ukungalandeli okuhlobene nakho okungaholela ekubhujisweni kwangaphambi kophahla. Nazi eziphambili zazo:
- Yonke imigwaqo kufanele ifakwe kuphela kumakhona ensimbi noma amapuleti. Abantu abaningi abanaki lesi sincomo, kanti ukwehluleka kwayo kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi konke okunamathiselwe kuqala ukungena konke kujule futhi kujule ngokwakheke phansi kwesihlahla. Kungakho udinga ukulungisa amapuleti kusengaphambili.
- Ngokuqondene nokufakwa kwebha, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-fasteners akhethekile we-rafting kanye nama-bolts esikhundleni sokuzishaya nezinzipho.
- Phambi kokuqina okuqondile kwama-rafters eMauerlat, kuyadingeka ukuthulula izihlalo ezikhethekile, ezizoqhubeka nokunikeza ukukhishwa okuminyene kwezinto zokhuni komunye nomunye.
- Ukuze igama elifanayo, sebenzisa izifanekiso. Esimweni lapho i-angle yomthambeka ihlukile, khona-ke izifanekiso kufanele zenze ngokuhlukile nge-skate ngayinye. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukujula kufanele kwenziwe kufanele kube ¼ ¼ Uma ungenazo izifanekiso eziseduze, kuzofanele uphinde wenze izilinganiso futhi uqiniseke ukunemba okwenziwe.
- Lapho ufaka, udinga ukusebenzisa ama-fasteners asezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukonga izinto zokwakha, ngoba kamuva kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukwakheka kophahla ngeke kusheshe. Ukudutshulwa kwe-rafter kudinga ukwenziwa ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokujaha, ukuze kungasebenzisi ukufakwa nezinye izinto ezengeziwe.
- Uma kwakhiwa indlu yokhuni, kusetshenziswa intaba eshelelayo. Lokhu kufakwa kudingekile ukuze kuxhumeke kokubili nge-mauerlat kanye nezingodo eziseceleni. Ukwakha ama-fasteners ashelelayo, kusetshenziswa "ama-salazks" akhethekile. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuyimpoqo.
Onke ama-fasteners kufanele aqine kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukumelana nemithwalo yendlela enamandla kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isivunguvungu sizokwazi ukuklebhula ophahleni.
Isihloko ngesihloko: I-Sidewa esihlalweni ikwenza kanjani?
Izindlela zokhuni ezivuthayo
Isikimu esikhuphukayo savuthwa eMauerlat.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunamathiselwe ezinkulu: kanzima futhi sliding.
I-Hard - I-fastener enjalo efakwe ku-mauerlat iyadingeka ezimweni lapho kunamathiselwe khona ama-raftes athambekele kuwo, ngoba kulokhu kuyadingeka ukuthi unyawo luhleli kakhulu ngesisekelo. Akufanele kube khona umzamo kulolu hlobo lokubopha: ukushelela, ukujikeleza kwe-torque, njll. Ukufinyelela umphumela onjalo, ungenza okulandelayo:
- yenza izwi enyaweni lwe-rafter;
- Gijimani umucu webha ye-retainer ku-rattered.
Ukuze wenze igama ku-mauerlat, udinga kuqala ukwenza igama kunyawo ngalunye lwe-rafter ephethini. Lapho-ke i-rafter ngayinye yahlanganiswa ngokuphelele eMaurylalat futhi yabopha ngezipikili. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa futhi inikeze ukuxhumana okuqinile.
Ngokuqondene nendlela yesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ibha yemitha, ebekwe onyaweni lwe-rafter. Ngokuqina, amakhona ensimbi asetshenziswa, avimbela ukuguqula ukushintshana ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Sliding - Ama-fasteners anjalo asetshenziswa ezimweni lapho kwenziwa khona indlu kusuka kubha noma izingodo, ngamanye amagama, lapho kwakha indlu emthini. Kamuva, umuthi ushintsha izakhiwo zawo ezibonakalayo, okungukuthi uqala ukuhlala phansi ame phansi. Yonke imidwebo yesakhiwo iqala ukuhlalisa. Ama-Rafters nawo anempahla ehleli, ngakho-ke kulokhu akunakwenzeka ukwenza ama-fasteners aqinile.
Ukuze uvikele ukwehluka kwesakhiwo, umhlangano wokunamathisela we-rafter unikezwa ukunyakaza kwamahhala.
Kuze kube manje, abakhiqizi bama-fasteners bakhiqiza izinto ezikhethekile ngalezi zinhloso, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-sleds. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakona ensimbi anezimbobo ze-oblong for fasseres angasetshenziswa.
Izinto zokwakha namathuluzi okuqinisa
- Amakhona ensimbi;
- kubakaki;
- Ama-wire scress;
- Ibha;
- ama-rafters;
- ama-bolts namantongomane;
- I-Electrovik;
- ama-screwdrivers;
- ukumba;
- wrench.
Ungayakha kanjani inhlama ye-rafter pair ngezandla zawo
I-subsing scheme eMurolat eya e-Aropoyasa.
Isihloko ngesihloko: Igumbi labesilisa ngezandla zabo
Ingqikithi Sebenzisa izindlela ezintathu eziyisisekelo:
- Ukuxhumana komsebenzi. Ngalesi sikimu, ingxenye engenhla yezinyawo ze-rafter iyancishiswa ngaphansi kwe-engela efanayo enomthambeka othambekile. Emva kwalokho, ukuxhumana kwabo kwenzeka. Ngendlela enembile yokuthambekela, kungakuhle ukusebenzisa iphethini eyenziwe ngomumo. Kusetshenziselwa izipikili ezinde zokulungiswa.
- Ku-ski run. Le ndlela iyafana neyedlule. Ihlukaniswa yiqiniso kuphela lokuthi kule ndlela kukhona ugongolo lwe-ski. Lo mklamo uthembeke kakhulu, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kudinga ukufakwa kwezinsizakalo ezengeziwe. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwegumbi elinjalo njenge-attic. Ngakho-ke, lo mklamo awulungele labo abahlela kusuka e-attic ukwenza elinye igumbi elifakiwe. Inzuzo eyinhloko yale ndlela ukuthi ayikho ithempulethi edingekayo ekwakhiweni.
- Ubuva. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlangana okuphezulu kwezinyawo ze-rafter kwenziwa phansi.
Ungayilungisa kanjani ama-rafters eMauerlat
Usebenzisa uhlelo lokufaka ngokulandelana oluchazwe ngezansi, ungenza i-fastener ye-mauerlat. Ukulandelana:
- Okokuqala, udinga ukubeka i-mauerlat uqobo. Lokhu kungubha, ozosebenza njengokusekelwa kwalo lonke ukwakhiwa kwe-rafter. I-Mauerlat idinga ukufakwa ngaphezulu kwezindonga ezisebhande likakhonkolo. Ifakwe kwi-Metal Stud ye-Galvanized nge-pitch ka-120 cm. Ububanzi bokuchitheka bungu-10 mm.
- Uma uhlela ukwenza i-attic efudumele, khona-ke ngaphansi kweMaurylalat ifakwe ungqimba lokufuduka okushisa
- Amapulangwe kufanele abekwe eduze kwezikopelo, ngemuva kwalokho kudingekile ukuchaza izikhala zokumba izimbobo. Izingubo ze-Mauerlat eziphepheni zezinwele, kanye nokumbumbuluzwa kwe-20-30 mm kufanele ihlale. Ngosizo lwamantongomane anama-washer asayizi omkhulu, i-mauerlat ilungisiwe.
- Ngemuva kokufaka i-maurolalat, ungaqala ukunamathiselwa kwe-raft ebekwe odongeni lokusekelwa. Ilungisiwe kusetshenziswa amabakaki ensimbi egayisele.
- Ngendlela efanayo, ama-rafter axhunyiwe ngebha ye-skate.
Izikopelo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhumana: for ondulin - ngobubanzi be-8 mm, ngophahla lwesihlabathi sikasimende - 10-12 mm.