In order for the prevalence of the roof to be reliable, the presence of a very durable rafter system, which is the roof supporting structure. The fastening of compounds of individual elements affects both the safety of the roof and its characteristics. A prerequisite for strong roof is the correct mount of the rafted to Mauerlat. If you make errors when building a rafter system, then in this case everything can lead to early destruction of the roof of the house. That is why it is very important to follow the rules and requirements of SNiP, which regulate the arrangement of roofs.
Mounting nodes of the rafter system.
What is Mauerlat
Mauerlat is a so-called foundation for the construction of the roof. All because it allows not only reliably to fix rafters, but also to distribute the weight of the entire structure along the perimeter of the structure of the structure. The attachment of the rafter can be carried out with the help of various methods, but it should be borne in mind that there is a skew for the mounted.
Types of fastening rafters to Mauerlat.
Maurylalat is mounted directly under the rafted. This uses either a timber or log cabin. Thus, rafters to Mauerlat allow to evenly distribute the load on the top of the walls of the house. In total, the attachment of the rafted to Mauerlat performs 2 main functions: withstand temporary and constant loads. The temporary includes seismic phenomena, and to constant - constant pressure of the weight of the roofing construction on the support.
In order to high-quality rafters, it is necessary to acquire exceptionally high-quality mounting nodes. All the marble should be very clear and tightly lay down to each other. In addition, it is impossible to use various substrates and lining. All this breaks down the attachment assembly to Mauerlat. Such details can be deformed and fall out of the overall design due to large loads. All mounting rafters to Mauerlat are performed exclusively using metal plates, brackets, nails and bolts. For bolts and nuts, the presence of washers are required. Such elements will allow nuts not cut into the wood of rafters and Mauerlat.
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Rules for fastening timber
Mounting diagram Maurolalat to the wall of blocks.
There are only a few basic, very important rules for fastening rafters to Mauerlat, non-compliance with which can lead to early destruction or skew of the roof. Here are the main of them:
- All rafters must be attached solely on metal corners or plates. Many people ignore this recommendation, while its failure leads to the fact that all attachments begin to penetrate all deeper and deeper into the structure of the tree. That is why you need to prepare the plates in advance.
- As for the installation of a bar, then it is best to use special rafting fasteners and bolts instead of self-tapping and nails.
- In front of the direct fastening of rafters to Mauerlat, it is necessary to pour special seats, which will continue to provide a dense docking of the wooden elements to each other.
- In order for the name of the same, apply templates. In the event that the angle of slope is different, then the templates must respectively do different for each of the skates. On average, the depth should be made should be ¼ the width of the rafter foot. If you do not have templates at hand, you will have to constantly make measurements and make sure the correctness of the purchases made.
- When installing, you need to use exceptionally high-quality fasteners. It is impossible to save on materials, since it will later lead to the fact that the design of the roof will not be durable. The shot for the rafter needs to be performed very carefully, without a rush, in order to not use inserts and other additional elements.
- If a wooden house is constructed, a sliding mount is used. This installation technology is necessary for the connection both with Mauerlat and side logs. To create sliding fasteners, special "Salazks" are used. In this case, their use is mandatory.
All fasteners should be very durable in order to withstand loads of even the strongest wind. Otherwise, the hurricane will be able to rip the roof.
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Methods of fastening timber
Mounting scheme raftered to Mauerlat.
There are two main attachment methods: hard and sliding.
Hard - such a fastener rafted to Mauerlat is required in cases where inclined rafters are attached, since in this case it is necessary that the foot is very tightly sitting on the basis. There should be no effort to this type of fastening: sliding, torque rotating, etc. To achieve such an effect, you can make one of the following:
- make a word on a rafter foot;
- Run the stripe of a retainer bar on the raftered.
To perform a word to Mauerlat, you need to first make a word on each rafter foot on the pattern. Then each rafter was completely intermedied in Maurylalat and fasten with nails. This method is applied in any construction and provides a rigid connection.
As for the second method, its implementation is performed using a meter bar, which is laid to the rafter foot. For fastening, metal corners are used, which prevent shifting sling in different directions.
Sliding - such fasteners are used in cases where the house is built from a bar or logs, in other words, when building a house from a tree. Subsequently, the tree changes its physical properties, namely it starts to sat down and dry. The whole design of the building begins to settle. The rafters also have the property sitting, so in this case it is impossible to do solid fasteners.
In order to prevent the deformation of the building, the attachment assembly of the rafter is provided by free movement.
To date, manufacturers of fasteners produce special elements for these purposes, which are called sleds. In addition, metal corners that have oblong holes for fasteners can be used.
Materials and tools for fastening
- Metal corners;
- brackets;
- Wire screeds;
- Bar;
- rafters;
- bolts with nuts;
- electrolovik;
- screwdrivers;
- drill;
- wrench.
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Mounting scheme Maurolat to Aropoyasa.
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Total use three basic methods:
- Job connection. With this scheme, the upper part of the rafter feet is trimmed under the same angle that has a slope slope. After that, their connection occurs. For a more accurate angle of inclination, it is advisable to use a ready-made pattern. Long nails are used for fixing.
- On the ski run. This method is similar to the previous one. It is distinguished by only the fact that in this method there is a ski beam. This design is very reliable, but under certain circumstances, it requires the installation of additional supports. This very significantly reduces the functionality of such a room as an attic. Thus, this design is not suitable for those who are planning from the attic to make another insulated room. The main advantage of this method is that no template is required for the construction.
- Vangest. With this method, the top joint of the rafter feet is made with the bottom.
How to fix rafters to Mauerlat
Using the sequential installation scheme described below, you can perform the fastener of the rafted to Mauerlat. Sequence:
- First of all, you need to put the Mauerlat himself. This is a bar, which will serve as a support of the entire construction of the rafter. Mauerlat needs to be put on top of the walls on a concrete belt. It is installed in a galvanized metal stud with a pitch of 120 cm. The diameter of the spillment is 10 mm.
- If you plan to do an heated attic, then under Maurylalat is installed a layer of heat insulation
- The timber must be laid near the studs, after which it is necessary to define spaces for drilling holes. Mauerlat dresses on the hairpins, and the protrusion of 20-30 mm should remain. With the help of nuts with large-size washers, Mauerlat is fixed.
- After installing Maurolalat, you can start the attachment of the rafted on the support timber. It is fixed using galvanized steel brackets and brackets.
- In the same way, the rafters are connected with a skate bar.
Studs are used for the connection: for ondulin - with a diameter of 8 mm, for cement-sand roof - 10-12 mm.