Ukuchonga ubungakanani bezinto zokulungela ukufudumeza ukusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuqhuba umsebenzi owodwa wokuvavanya. Ukulungiselela le njongo, uxinzelelo lunyuke ngokutsha kwimibhobho, emva kokuba ukuqina kwequmba nganye lenziweyo lenziwa ngenxa yokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kokuvuza.
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkqubo zokufudumeza: Iimvavanyo ze-hydraulic, uvavanyo lwe-pneumatic, uvavanyo loxinzelelo.
Cinga ukuba uvavanyo lweenkqubo zokufudumeza zenziwa njani, zeziphi izinto ezikhoyo ngexesha elinye ziyathotyelwa.
Iimvavanyo ze-hydraulic
Itheyibhile yoxinzelelo lweetanki zokwanda kokufudumeza.
Uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic ngemibhobho yokufudumeza yinkqubo enoxanduva yezixhobo zoqeqesho kwixesha lokufudumeza. Kwangelo xesha, imibhobho izele ngamanzi ukusuka ezantsi, oko kukuthi, ngokusebenzisa umbhobho wokubuya. I-windows kunye nomoya uhamba kwicala elinye, wonke umoya ukusuka kwinkqubo yokufudumeza isusiwe ngokupheleleyo. Uvavanyo luqala kuphela xa wonke umoya uya kukwazi ukufumana idatha kwigeji yoxinzelelo. Ukuba awulindi, xa iimaski zomoya zishiya imibhobho, iimvavanyo ziya kukhala ubuxoki.
Ukujonga ngokufudumeleyo kulandela iinkqubo ezivulekileyo, kuba ukuba zivuza kuvaliwe (eludongeni), le nkqubo ifumana iindawo zokugcina ziya kuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye rhoqo ayinakwenzeka. Ukwenza umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele izixhobo:
- Impompo yencwadi ekhethekileyo yenaliti kwinkqubo yokufudumeza yomjelo wamanzi olwelo;
- ukusebenza ngomnxeba;
- I-Manometer, ebonisa ukuba kukho ukonyuka okanye ukwehla koxinzelelo kwinkqubo ngokubanzi. Ezo datha ziya kubonisa ukwandiswa kwemibhobho, ubukho bokuvuza.
Uvavanyo lwePneumatic
Iskimu sovavanyo lwe-pneumatic.
Indlela ye-Pneumatic ivavanywa ukuba iqondo lobushushu elisezantsi liwela ngaphantsi kwe-5 ° C. Kule meko, uxinzelelo kwimibhobho akufuneki luncitshiswe ngaphantsi kwe-10 kpa. Le ndlela igqibelele kwinkqubo yemibhobho yePolymer, apho iinxalenye zokuqhagamshela zeplastiki zenzeka.
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Iimeko zokubamba uvavanyo lwe-pneumatic lwenkqubo yokufudumeza zezi:
- ukungabikho kolwelo kwivolumu efunekayo;
- Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kunye ne-degries ezintlanu (ezinye iingcali zibonisa - ngezantsi kwe-zero);
- Ukuba ngenxa yezizathu zobugcisa akunakusebenzisa amanzi asebenzayo.
Kunqabile ukuba isetyenziswe. Kungenxa yenyani yokuba ukufumana ukuvuza kunye nokuvuza kunye nokuvuza kunzima kakhulu kuvavanyo lwe-hydraulic.
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo
Iskimu sovavanyo loxinzelelo.
Luvavanyo lwenkqubo yokufudumeza? Oku kukuhlolwa kokuqina, oko kukuthi, ukungabikho kokuvuza ngexesha lokusebenza kobushushu ukuya kwixesha lokufudumeza. Kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, le nkqubo enjalo inokwahluka kwiqhina, kodwa isikimu esiqhelekileyo sokutshekishwa kuhlala kunjalo.
Uvavanyo lwenziwa xa uxinzelelo lokuqala lungeniswa, isalathiso sokuba amaxesha ali-1,5 ngaphezulu kwenqanaba lokusebenza. Umzekelo, ukuba ukusebenza yi-1 ATM., Oko kukuthi, i-0.1 MPA, inqanaba lokujonga kufuneka ibe yi-1.5 ATM. Kwezinye iinqobongolo, uxinzelelo lwexesha lovavanyo luchazwa ngokuchanekileyo, oko kukuthi, umsebenzi mayiphindwe ngamaxesha ayi-1.5.
Iingcali zicebisa ukuba inkqubo ngokubanzi yokuhlangana kwimibhobho inokumelana noxinzelelo ngakumbi, kwizixhobo ezininzi ezishushu zinokuphuculwa nakwi-2,5 MPA ngaphandle komonakalo wezixhobo.
Umsebenzi onjalo unokwenzeka kuphela ukuba zonke izinto zenkqubo yokufudumeza azimiswanga eludongeni, ukuphakamisa uxinzelelo olomeleleyo kusebenza kuphela kwinkqubo evulekileyo yendlu.
Ingcinezelo yoxinzelelo kwimibhobho usebenzisa impompo ekhethekileyo ihlala incwadana yemigaqo. Umoya ususiwe ngokupheleleyo kwimiphetho, kuba nokuba ubukho bayo buncinci bunokusebenza umqondiso wokuhluthwa kombhobho wombhobho. Phindaphinda, ufakelo lokufudumeza kufuneka luzaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi, iipokethi zomoya azivumelekanga.
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Ukufakelwa kokuqulatha, faka i-vacc vact vallo. Kwili candelo lomjelo apho uxinzelelo lunamaxabiso aphezulu, kubalulekile ukufaka igeji yoxinzelelo olukhethekileyo. Oku kuhlala kuyindawo ephantsi kakhulu kulo lonke ufakelo lokufudumeza. Okulandelayo, le nkqubo yahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba ama-2, ziqwalasele ngakumbi.
Yintoni ekufuneka ibe luvavanyo lokufudumeza: amanyathelo ovavanyo
Uvavanyo lweenkqubo zokufudumeza zinamanqanaba ama-2 avumela olona lungelo lokujonga imeko yezixhobo, ukulungela kwakhe ukusebenza. Inqanaba lokuqala lokuqinisekisa kukwenza inkqubo ebandayo. Ufakelo lokufudumeza luzele ngamanzi, emva koko kangangemizuzu engama-30 (ngexesha lemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15), kuyimfuneko ukwandisa uxinzelelo kumaxabiso okuqala.
Emva kwayo yonke imizuzu engama-30, uxinzelelo akufuneki luwele ngaphantsi kwe-0.06 MPA. Emva kwemizuzu eli-120 yovavanyo, akufuneki ukuncipha ngaphezulu kwe-0.02 MPA. Emva kokuba itshekhi iphelile, kufuneka uhlole ngenyameko imeko yalo lonke uqhagamshelo ukuqinisekisa ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kokuvuza.
Inqanaba lesibini lovavanyo loxinzelelo lwenziwa sele libizwa ngokuba lushushu. Kwimeko yokuqala, amanzi ayebanda, ngoku ishushu, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka lisondele kuMsebenzi. Uvavanyo luqala ngento yokuba i-Boiler idibanisa ukufudumeza, oko kukuthi, umthombo wobushushu. Isenokubakho nasiphi na isixhobo esisetyenziswa njengomthombo opholileyo. Emva koko, kwinkqubo, zonke iiparameter zisetwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokusebenza, kodwa kufuneka zibekeke ngokusondeleyo ukuba uxinzelelo alugqithi kwale milinganiselo ichanekileyo.
Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi ukuqinisekiswa, indlu kufuneka yenziwe kwiintsuku ezi-3-le yenye yeemeko ezinyanzelekileyo zovavanyo. Ukuba xa kuzaliswa ukuzaliswa kwamanzi ashushu azonakalanga, ke sinokucinga ukuba uvavanyo lwenkqubo yokufudumeza luhambile.
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Ukujonga iinkcukacha zeplastiki
Xa kuvavanywa, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukuba ngaba kukho iinxalenye zeplastiki. Oku kuchazwa yinyani yokuba ukwandiswa kweprimpric kunezalathiso eziphezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba amaqondo obushushu amanzi kwinkqubo kunye neqondo lobushushu lifanele lihlale lisisigxina. Ngotshintsho kwiimpawu zobunkunkuma kunye nokungahambelani nokuqina, uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokufudumeza busakhula.
Xa izixhobo zokuvavanya, uxinzelelo kufuneka luphakanyiswe kwixabiso eligqithileyo malunga nokusebenza malunga ne-1.5 amaxesha, emva koko kuyibambe kangangemizuzu engama-30. Ukuba kukho ulwandiso kwimibhobho, kuyimfuneko ukuba balahle kancinci inqanaba loxinzelelo, emva koko kufuneka baqhubeke nokutshekisha, bejonga amaxabiso rhoqo. Emva kwemizuzu engama-30, kunokwenzeka ukuba unciphise kakhulu ixabiso ukuya kwinqanaba lokwenza isiqingatha somsebenzi, ukubamba ngale ndlela kangangemizuzu engama-90.
Ukuba ulwando oluncinci lubonwa, ayithethi naluphi na ulwando kwimibhobho, kodwa malunga nokuqina kwale nkqubo iphela. Iingcali ezininzi ziyacetyiswa xa uqhuba iitsheki eziphindaphindiweyo zinciphisa kwaye zinyuse inqanaba lengcinezelo ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzela yonke inkqubo yokufudumeza, ukunqongophala ngamaxabiso achazwe ngumenzi).
Ukujonga ufakelo lokufudumeza kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya nokunyuka / ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimibhobho. Xa usenza imisebenzi enjalo, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo ngokuchaneka ukuze kungabikho kheko, ukuphazamiseka okuqinileyo. Kwangelo xesha, izinto ezithile kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba inefuthe elinamandla ekuhambeni kwenkqubo yokuqinisekisa, umzekelo, izinto zokwenyama. Qinisekisa ukuba yonke into ilandelelana ngokugqibeleleyo, unokuqalisa ukuxhaphaza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga nokuvuza ngequbuliso.