Ng'ombe yophuka idapangidwa kuti ingonunkhire chitsulo.
Discom Provice.
Chizindikiro cha njirayi ndikuti ng'anjoyo yabwezeretsedwa ndi chitsulo - zomwe zili pazinthu zina - ore, mafuta oxide, kaboni yolimba. Chida cha mtundu wa ntchentche cha ntchentche sichikhala chovuta kwambiri. Ili ndi zambiri.
Kupanga kwa ng'anjo
Mbali yakumtunda ya ng'anjo yophulika imatchedwa cosser. Ili ndi odyetsa gasi omwe amatumikirapo kuti achotse mpweya wa Cozher. Izi zimadzaza ndi zida zopangira kudzera mubwalo lapadera logwera.Pansi pa Colristicry pali mgodi wokhala ndi cene yochepetsetsa, kukulitsa bukulo. Fomuyi imapangitsa kuti zitheke kusintha njira yolandirira zida zopangira kuchokera ku pokrovnik. Mu mgodi, zida zoyambirira za orew ma oxides zimabwezeretsedwa ndi chitsulo zimakonzedwa mwanjira yapadera.
Gawo lalitali kwambiri la ng'anjo yophulika limatchedwa ran. Mtundu wopanda kanthu wa flux ndi ma asungunuke pano, chifukwa chomwe slag imapezeka.
Gawo lotsatira la ng'anjoyo ndi lingaliro lochepetsedwa. Amatchedwa odekha. Mu kapangidwe kake, ma slag amathera, kusiya mtundu wina flux ndi mafuta olimba mmenemo.
Kuphatikiza kwa mafuta omwe amalandiridwa kuchokera kumwamba kumachitika m'phiri. Zimathandiziranso kudziunjikira chitsulo ndi slag, yomwe ili m'madzi.
Kuwotcha mafuta, mpweya wotentha umafunikira. Imalowa mu ng'anjoyo kuchokera ku mpweya woyenda pamtunda kudzera pabulu la Duct, kudutsa mu tunts. Pansi pa phirilo, yomwe ndi dzina la losi, lili pamaziko ambiri kuchokera konkriti yolimbikitsidwa. Slag ndi chitsulo chimakhala pano. Pamapeto pa kununkhira, ponyani chitsulo ndi slag kumapezeka pazakudya zapadera paoyendetsa ndege zomwe adapanga izi, m'bungwe.
Mfundo ya ng'anjo yophulika
Chiwembu cholamulira.
Mapangidwe a ntchentche yophulika amakonzedwa m'njira yoti osakaniza alowa mu mbaleyo kudzera mu chipangizo chotsika, chopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a chuto chaching'ono chomwe chili pamwamba. Kenako, kuchokera mbale, kugwera chula chachikulu pakuchotsa uvuni. Dongosolo lotere sililola kuti mpweya kuchokera ku ng'anjo yophulika kuti alowe m'malo. Pambuyo potunda, chulu chaching'ono komanso chomangira cholandila zinthu zopangira zimazungulira pa ngodya, madigiri angapo. Izi ndizofunikira kuti osakaniza ndi ofalitsidwa mofatsa.
Nkhani pamutu: kukonza m'bafa pamodzi ndi chimbudzi: Malangizo
Muvuni uvuni umapitilirabe kugwira ntchito, osakaniza amasungunuka ndikutsika pansi, kumasula malowo kuti adye nawo zigawo zatsopano. Kuchuluka kwa madera kumayenera kudzazidwa kwathunthu. Kang'anga wamakono wamakono akhoza kukhala ndi voliyumu yothandiza kuchokera ku 2000 mpaka 50,000 m³. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira 35 m, komwe kumakhala katatu m'mimba mwake. Malingaliro ngati amenewa ali ndi kulephera: Mng'anga wa ng'anjo yophulika umatengera kuyenda kwa zinthu ndi mpweya kwa wina ndi mnzake, zomwe zimalola kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha mpaka 85%.
Nyanga ndi leshech zimachitika kuchokera mu njerwa yomwe ili ndi ma alumina kapena mpweya. Amapezeka mkati mwa zitsulo ndipo nthawi zonse amagwirira ntchito amakhazikika ndi madzi omwe amabwera m'madzi awiri amadzi kuchokera ku firiji pamadzi akonzekeretsa mwapadera. Ndipo dongosolo loyamba limagwira ntchito, chachiwiri panthawiyi chiri chosungira. Movers, shaft ndi kuyika njerwa zopangidwa ndi njerwa zokutidwa.
Pischarik imakongoletsedwa ndi mbale zachitsulo, mkhosi mkati womwe umadzazidwa ndi Shamoth, ndipo ndi ng'anjo ya ng'anjo - masitovuni ochokera ku chitsulo.
Zowonjezera Zowonjezera
DODEACACACACACACACACACACACACE PAKUTI.
Mu ntchito yogwira ntchito imafunikira mankhwala othandiza komanso njira zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo chamitundu ikhale chosungunuka. Ndife ofunikira mavidiyo kuti tiuluke ndikuyika zowonjezera zoyambira mu ng'anjo.
Ng'anjo yanyumba yamayima imafunikira ntchito yosatha, makamaka ngati slag ndi chitsulo chatulutsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, okhazikitsa, omwe ali ndi zida za mlatho amasinthidwa. Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa ntchito yosungirako, kutentha kwambiri kosungunuka ndi mpweya wocheperako kumapereka ma heater. Mwachitsanzo, mu ng'anjo yokhala ndi voliyumu yothandiza ya 2000 m³, zida zotere ziyenera kuperekedwa pamphindi 3,800 m³ wa mpweya, kutentha komwe kumakhala madigiri 1200. Maanja omwe amapangidwa chifukwa cha mpweya woyenda mu mpweya wabwino uzinyowa nthawi zonse. Kufunika kwa chisonyezochi kumasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo langozi.
Kukakamizidwa mpweya, komwe ndikofunikira kuti mafuta oyaka, amalowa mu uvuni chifukwa pamakina owombera. Kukakamiza kwake payekha pamalingaliro amakono kumafika 25 MPA. Kuyeretsa mpweya wa cozir kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito choyeretsa mpweya.
Kodi dongosolo ndi chiyani?
Dongosolo Lapamwamba: 1. Kuwomba kotentha.2. Malo osungunula (okhala ndi nyanga) .3. A FOA Kubwezeretsa (Kulemba) .4. Kubwezeretsa Zoyambira Fee2o3 (mgodi) .5. Preheate malo (mzere) .6. Tikuyika zitsulo zolengedwa zachitsulo, miyala yamiyala ndi coke.7. Domain Gaza.8. Zidakali za zida zachitsulo, miyala yamiyala ndi coke.9. Kutulutsa Slag.10. Magazini ya madzi Inaponi chitsulo.11. Sonkhanitsani mipweya.
Nkhani pamutu: Mabatani a Sandstone amachita nokha
Pakuchulukitsa kununkhiza bwino kwa chitsulo m'ng'anjo yophukira, zozama ziyenera kuwonedwa nthawi zonse. Choyamba, kutentha kwa masamba onse ndi kutentha kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zofunika kuzisintha m'malo oyenera komanso nthawi inayake. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusuntha kwa mitsinje iwiri. Mafuta kuchokera pakuphatikiza mafuta amatuluka kuchokera pansi mpaka m'mwamba, ndi osakaniza, otentha, kutentha mpweya, kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi mpaka pansi. Kachiwiri, slag iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ngati kubwezeretsa kwachitsulo ndi zonyansa zoyenera kuchokera ku ore zidzatha. Ndikofunika kuti musankhe molondola slagling movutikirana ndi chitsulo. Izi ndizofunikira kotero kuti slagyo imakwapula ore, yomwe pambuyo pake imapangitsa kuti zisinthe mu chitsulo choponya ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kulephera kusungunuka.
Kuyamba kwa njirayi ndikuwotcha mafuta. Mukamacheza ndi mpweya wabwino, gasi lachilengedwe ndi kaboni kwambiri, ndikutulutsa kutentha kwambiri.
C + O2 = CO2 + q; CH4 + 2o2 = CO2 + 2H2o + q
Kulumikizana kwa zowonjezera ndi coke molingana ndi zomwe zikuchitika:
CO2 + C = 2co - q; H2o + c = co + h2 - q
Mu zosakaniza izi, monox monoxide ndiye chitsulo chachikulu chochepetsa mphamvu ya chitsulo. Kuchulukitsa ng'anjo, mlengalenga kulowa m'ng'anjo kumasezedwa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo kumawonjezeka. Mukakweza gase, kutentha kwa komwe kumakhala kokwanira mokwanira, kuwonjezani kusakaniza. Iwowo amakhala okhazikika pafupifupi 300-400 madigiri. Osakaniza amasunthira kukakumana ndi mpweya. Kutentha kwakafika pafupifupi 570 ° C, chitsulo chachitsulo chimabwezeretsedwa. Njirayi imakhala ndi magawo angapo otsatizana malinga ndi chiwembu: feya3 -> Feya4 -> FeO -> Fe.
Izi zimapangitsa kutentha. Kubwezeretsanso ma oxide a chitsulo kumachitika ndi kaboni kolimba (kuchepetsa mwachindunji), hydrogen ndi kaboni oxide (yachibwezerele). Poyamba, njirayi imachitika mu malo ogulitsira ngati pali kutentha kwambiri malinga ndi zomwe akuchita: Feo + C = FO - Q:
Mlandu wachiwiri, ndikuchepetsa mosavomerezeka, zomwe zimachitika pang'onopang'ono pamwamba pa ng'anjo: 3Te2o3 + CO = 2 CO2 + Q; Feyao4 + CO = 3FF O + CO2 - Q; Fe. CO = CO2 + Q.
Nkhani pamutu: Momwe mungachepetse nyumba yolowera?
Kupanga Shag
Pakusunga kutentha kwa chitsulo, kuchepetsedwa kuchokera ku ore, ndi zochita zina zimasungunuka kaboni. Chifukwa cha izi, pamakhala kuchepa kwa malo osungunuka, ndipo chitsulo chimasungunuka pamtunda pafupifupi 1300 ° C. Chivomerezo chotsatira, polumikizana ndi Coke, chimadzaza ndi zinthu ngati izi ngati silika, phosphorous, kaboni, manganese, omwe adachira, wochokera ku Ore. Sulfur Sulfar imachitika pa kutentha kwa madigiri 1200 kuchokera ku Coke. Pansi pa ng'anjoyo mukamayambitsa fluxes, thanthwe lopanda kanthu ndi phulusa limapangidwa slag yokhala ndi masig omwe ali ndi ma okomaboli a zinthu zomwezi. Kapangidwe ka slag, komanso chitsulo choponyedwa, chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa chakuti slag ili ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono, ili pamwamba pa chitsulo choponya.
Chitsulo chokonzekera chojambulidwa chimapangidwa kuchokera ku ng'anjo kudzera mu flyer maola 3-4. Slag imapangidwanso kudzera pa woyendetsa wina pambuyo pa maola 1-2. Oyendetsa ndege amatsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, kenako amatsekedwa ndi kapangidwe kake. Ponya chitsulo chachitsulo ndi slag ndi zidebe zapadera ndi mbale. Kenako, chitsulo choponyedwa chimatumizidwa ku shopu - martenovsky kapena otembenuka otembenuka, - komwe kukonza kwake kumachitika.
Zogulitsa zomwe zimachokera ku njira yoyendetsera
Chilichonse chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa chosungunula chimaponyedwa chitsulo, chomwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - oundana ndi Mandalama. Amakhala ndi zofanana ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pamodzi ndi chinthu chachikulu mukamaluka, zinthu zina zimapezeka - slag, mpweya wamagesi ndi coszerniki fumbi. Slag imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zomangira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ikuthirira m'madzi, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa bwino zimapezeka. Pambuyo pake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njerwa, simenti ndi zinthu zina.
Pallectic mpweya wopangidwa mukamatsukidwa ndi njira yapadera yochokera kufumbi ndi ma cell. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta mu madera a domain ndi boilers omwe amagwira ntchito pamadzi kapena banja. Ngati mungasakanikizeni mpweya wa cozher ndi zachilengedwe, ndiye kuti zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu ntchentche ya marteni.
Chilichonse cha Domain kununkhira ndi fumbi lokongoletsa. Ili ndi kapangidwe ka 40 mpaka 50% ya chitsulo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukwati.